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{{Infobox person
| name = Michael Beach
| image = Michael Beach (35628097343).jpg
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|mf=yes|1963|10|30}}
| birth_place = [[Roxbury, Massachusetts]], U.S.
| occupation = Actor
| education = [[Juilliard School]] {{small|([[Bachelor of Fine Arts|BFA]])}}
| years_active = 1987–present
| spouse = {{marriage|Elisha Wilson|2007}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.today.com/parents/breast-feeding-mom-sparks-controversy-honest-photo-t17216|title=Breast-feeding mom sparks controversy with honest photo - TODAY.com|author=Lisa Flam|work=TODAY.com|accessdate=7 April 2016}}</ref>
| children =
}}
'''Michael Anthony Beach''' (born October 30, 1963) is an American actor. He has appeared in films ''[[Lean on Me (film)|Lean on Me]]'' (1989), ''[[One False Move]]'' (1992), ''[[Short Cuts (film)|Short Cuts]]'' (1993), ''[[Waiting to Exhale]]'' (1995), ''[[A Family Thing]]'' (1996), and ''[[Soul Food (film)|Soul Food]]'' (1997). On television, he starred as Monte Parker in the NBC drama series ''[[Third Watch]]'' from 1999 to 2005.
==Career==
Beach's big screen debut was in ''[[End of the Line (1987 film)|End of the Line]]'' in 1987, and he went on to appear opposite [[Morgan Freeman]] and [[Beverly Todd]] in ''[[Lean on Me (film)|Lean on Me]]'' (1989). Beach also co-starred in films including ''[[Internal Affairs (film)|Internal Affairs]]'', ''[[Cadence (film)|Cadence]]'' (both 1990), ''[[One False Move]]'' (1992) with [[Cynda Williams]], ''[[Short Cuts]]'' and ''[[True Romance]]'' (both 1993).
Beach's big break came in 1995, playing [[Angela Bassett]]'s unfaithful husband in the comedy-drama film ''[[Waiting to Exhale]]''. In 1997, he played [[Vanessa L. Williams]]'s unfaithful husband in the comedy-drama film ''[[Soul Food (film)|Soul Food]]''. On television, he played a recurring role as Al Boulet, the ex-husband of [[physician assistant]] [[Jeanie Boulet]] ([[Gloria Reuben]]) in the NBC medical drama ''[[ER (TV series)|ER]]'' from 1995 to 1997. From 1999 to 2005, Beach was a regular cast member in the NBC drama series ''[[Third Watch]]'', playing [[New York City Fire Department|FDNY]] paramedic [[Monte 'Doc' Parker]].
Beach has had guest starring roles on ''[[Law & Order]]'', ''[[Law & Order: Special Victims Unit]]'', ''[[Brothers & Sisters (2006 TV series)|Brothers & Sisters]]'', ''[[Criminal Minds]]'', ''[[Grey's Anatomy]]'', ''[[The Closer]]'' and ''[[The Blacklist (TV series)|The Blacklist]]''. He also was a regular on the short-lived NBC series ''[[Crisis (TV series)|Crisis]]'' in 2014, and had recurring roles on ''[[Stargate Atlantis]]'', ''[[Sons of Anarchy]]'', ''[[The Client List (TV series)|The Client List]]'', ''[[The Game (U.S. TV series)|The Game]]'', ''[[Secrets and Lies (U.S. TV series)|Secrets and Lies]]'' and ''[[The 100 (TV series)|The 100]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ew.com/article/2015/07/23/100-season-3-michael-beach-cast|title=The 100 season 3: Michael Beach, Sons of Anarchy star, joins cast - EW.com|work=Entertainment Weekly's EW.com|accessdate=7 April 2016}}</ref>
==Filmography==
===Film===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="white-space:nowrap"
|-
! Year !! Title !!Role!!Notes
|-
| 1986 || ''[[Streets of Gold (film)|Streets of Gold]]'' || ||
|-
| 1987 || ''[[End of the Line (1987 film)|End of the Line]]'' || Alvin ||
|-
| 1987 || ''[[Suspect (1987 film)|Suspect]]'' || Parking Lost Attendant ||
|-
| 1988 || ''In a Shallow Grave'' || Quintus Pearch ||
|-
| 1989 || ''[[The Abyss (1989 film)|The Abyss]]'' || Barnes ||
|-
| 1989 || ''[[Lean on Me (film)|Lean on Me]]'' || Mr. Darnell ||
|-
| 1989 || ''The Abyss'' || Barnes ||
|-
| 1990 || ''[[Internal Affairs (film)|Internal Affairs]]'' || Dorian Fletcher ||
|-
| 1990 || ''[[Cadence (film)|Cadence]]'' || Webb ||
|-
| 1991 || ''[[Guilty as Charged]]'' || Hamilton ||
|-
| 1991 || ''[[Late for Dinner]]'' || Dr. David Arrington ||
|-
| 1992 || ''[[One False Move]]'' || Pluto ||
|-
| 1997 || ''[[Soul Food (film)|Soul Food]]'' || Miles ||
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Deep Blue Sea 2]]'' || Carl Durant ||
|-
| 2018 || ''[[If Beale Street Could Talk (film)|If Beale Street Could Talk]]'' || Frank Hunt ||
|-
| 2018 || ''[[Aquaman (film)|Aquaman]]'' || Jesse Kane ||
|-
| 2019 || ''[[Super Intelligence]]'' || General Gomez ||
|-
| TBA || ''[[Rim of the World]]'' || ||
|-
|}
===Television===
{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="white-space:nowrap"
|-
! Year !! Title !!Role!!Notes
|-
| 1986 || ''Vengeance: The Story of Tony Cimo'' || Rudolph Tyner || TV Movie
|-
| 1988 || ''[[Weekend War]]'' || Wiley || TV Movie
|-
| 1988 || ''[[Open Admissions]]'' || Calvin || TV Movie
|-
| 1988 || ''[[The Street (1988 TV Series)|The Street]]'' || Shepard Scott ||
|-
| 1989 || ''[[ABC Afterschool Special]]'' || Jake || Episode: "Taking a Stand"
|-
| 1990 || ''[[Dangerous Passion]]'' || Steve || TV Movie
|-
| 1990 || ''[[Shannon's Deal]]'' || Monty Coles || Episode: "Inside Straight"
|-
| 1991 || ''Fire: Trapped on the 37th Floor'' || Perez || TV Movie ||
|-
| 1991 || ''Gabriel's Rush'' || Michael Austin || Episode: "Birds Gotta Fly"
|-
| 1991 || ''[[Quantum Leap]]'' || Nathaniel Simpson || Episode: "Justice: May 11, 1965"
|-
| 1991 || ''[[Veronica Clare]]'' || || Episode: "Deadly Minds"
|-
| 1992 || ''Another Round'' || Tyrell || TV Short
|-
| 1993 || ''Evening Class'' || || TV Short
|-
| 1993 || ''Final Appeal'' || Detective Akin || TV Movie
|-
| 1993 || ''Walker'' || Randy Warren || Episode: "Night of the Gladiator"
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Knight Rider 2010]]'' || Marshal Will McQueen || TV Movie
|-
| 1994 || ''[[South Central (TV series)|South Central]]'' || Isaiah || 2 Episodes
|-
| 1994 || ''Midnight Run for Your Life'' || Pemberton || TV Movie
|-
| 1994 || ''[[NYPD Blue]]'' || Officer Frank Quint || 2 Episodes ||
|-
| 1994 || ''[[Sweet Justice]]'' || Jonah || Episode: "In the Name of the Son"
|-
| 1995 || ''Sketch Artist II: Hands That See'' || George || TV Movie
|-
| 1995 || ''[[Under Suspicion (TV Series)]]'' || Detective Desmond Beck || 17 Episodes
|-
| 1995 || ''[[Law & Order]]'' || Mr. Elliot || Episode: "Purple Heart"
|-
| 1995 || ''[[Touched by an Angel]]'' || Sam Mitchell || Episode: "Reunion"
|-
| 1995-1997 || ''[[ER (TV series)|ER]]'' || Al Boulet || 19 Episodes
|-
| 1996 || ''Rebound: The Legend of Earl Manigault'' || Legrand || TV Movie
|-
| 1997 || ''[[Ms. Scrooge]]'' || Reverend Luke || TV Movie
|-
| 1998 || ''[[The Wonderful World of Disney]]'' || Abon Bridges || Episode: "Ruby Bridges"
|-
| 1999 || ''[[Todd McFarlane's Spawn]]'' || Terry Fitzgerald (voice) || 3 Episodes
|-
| 1999-2005 || ''[[Third Watch]]'' || Monte Parker || 95 Episodes
|-
| 2002 || ''Critical Assembly'' || FBI Agent Winston || TV Movie
|-
| 2004 || ''[[Law & Order: SVU]]'' || Andy Abbott || Episode: "Lowdown"
|-
| 2004-2006 || ''[[Justice League Unlimited]]'' || [[Mister Terrific (Michael Holt)]] / [[Black Manta|Devil Ray]] (voice) || 6 Episodes
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Brothers & Sisters (TV series)|Brothers & Sisters]]'' || Noah Guare || 2 Episodes
|-
| 2006 || ''[[Without a Trace]]'' || Chuck Barr || Episode: "The Calm Before"
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Shark (US TV Series)|Shark]]'' || Lester Space || Episode: "Student Body"
|-
| 2007 || ''[[Criminal Minds]]'' || Father Marks || Episode: "Lucky"
|-
| 2007-2009 || ''[[Stargate Atlantis]]'' || Colonel Abe Ellis || 5 Episodes
|-
| 2009 || ''[[Numbers (TV Series)|Numbers]]'' || Len Walsh || Epsiode: "Jacked"
|-
| 2009 || ''Relative Stranger'' || James Clemons || TV Movie
|-
| 2009 || ''[[The Cleaner (TV Series)|The Cleaner]]'' || Lonnie Simon || 2 Episodes
|-
| 2010 || ''Night and Day'' || Preston || TV Movie
|-
| 2010 || ''Gimme Shelter'' || Pen Favinger || TV Movie
|-
| 2010-2014 || ''[[Sons of Anarchy]]'' || Taddarius Orwell 'T.O.' Cross || 11 Episodes
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Grey's Anatomy]]'' || Mr. Baker || Episode: "Not Responsible"
|-
| 2011 || ''Justice for Natalee Holloway'' || Agent Delaney || TV Movie
|-
| 2011 || ''[[Criminal Minds: Suspect Behavior]]'' || Detective Wayne Sanderson || Episode: "Death by a Thousand Cuts"
|-
| 2011 || ''[[The Closer]]'' || Coach Rich Carr || Episode: "Necessary Evil"
|-
| 2011 || ''Partners'' || Detective Carl Hickman || TV Movie
|-
| 2011-2015 || ''[[The Game (U.S. TV series)|The Game]]'' || Roger Keith || 9 Episodes
|-
| 2012 || ''[[NCIS: Naval Crime Scene Investigation Service]]'' || Metro Detective Robert Flowers || Episode: "A Desperate Man"
|-
| 2012 || ''[[A Gifted Man]]'' || Nicky Davis || Episode: "In Case of Co-Dependants"
|-
| 2013 || ''[[Southland (TV Series|Southland]]'' || Detective Williams || Episode: "Reckoning"
|-
| 2013 || ''Notes from Dad'' || Manny Gauza || TV Movie
|-
| 2013 || ''[[The Client List]]'' || Harold Clemens || 7 Episodes
|-
| 2014 || ''[[Crisis (TV series)|Crisis]]'' || FBI Director Olsen || 13 Episodes
|-
|}
{{Div col}}
*''[[Short Cuts]]'' (1993)
*''[[True Romance]]'' (1993)
*''[[Waiting to Exhale]]'' (1995)
*''[[Bad Company (1995 film)|Bad Company]]'' (1995)
*''[[Rebound: The Legend of Earl "The Goat" Manigault]]'' (1996)
*''[[A Family Thing]]'' (1996)
*''[[White Man's Burden]]'' (1996)
*''[[Soul Food (film)|Soul Food]]''
*''[[Ruby Bridges (film)|Ruby Bridges]]'' (1998)
*''[[Asunder (film)|Asunder]]'' (Michael Hubbs) (1998)
*''[[Made Men (film)|Made Men]]'' (James Belushi) (film) (1999)
*''[[Crazy as Hell]]'' (2002)
*''[[Like Mike 2: Streetball]]'' (2006)
*''[[The Condemned]]'' (2007)
*''[[Stargate: The Ark of Truth]]'' (2008) (cameo) (DVD movie)
*''[[First Sunday]]'' (2008)
*''[[Hell Ride]]'' - (2008) Goody Two Shoes
*''[[Lie to Me]]'' - (2010)
*''[[Red Dawn (2012 film)|Red Dawn]]'' - (2012) Mayor Jenkins
*''[[Sparkle (2012 film)|Sparkle]]'' (2012)
* ''[[500 MPH Storm]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Insidious: Chapter 2]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Scrapper (2013 film)|Scrapper]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Playing Father]]'' (2013)
* ''[[Things Never Said]]'' (2015)
* ''[[Secrets and Lies (U.S. TV series)|Secrets and Lies]]'' (2015) (TV)
* ''[[The Blacklist (TV series)|The Blacklist]]'' (2015) (TV)
* ''[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation|CSI:]] [[Immortality (CSI)|Immortality]]'' (2015) (TV)
* ''[[The 100 (TV series)|The 100]]'' (2016) (TV)
* ''[[Patriots Day (film)|Patriots Day]]'' (2016)
* ''[[Pitch (TV series)|Pitch]]'' (2016) (TV)
* ''[[Scorpion (TV series)|Scorpion]]'' (2017) (TV)
* ''[[Dynasty (2017 TV series)|Dynasty]]'' (2017) (TV)
* ''[[S.W.A.T. (2017 TV series)|S.W.A.T]]'' (2017) (TV)
* ''[[Deep Blue Sea 2]]'' (2018) as Carl Durant
* ''[[Gosnell: The Trial of America's Biggest Serial Killer]]'' (2018)
{{Div col end}}
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{ infobox nobility
| name = Countess Palatine Eleonora Catherine of Zweibrücken
| image = Eleanor Catherine of Hesse-Eschwege c 1646.jpg
| caption = Countess Palatine Eleonora Catherine of Zweibrücken
| noble family = [[House of Wittelsbach|Wittelsbach]]
| father = [[John Casimir, Count Palatine of Kleeburg]]
| mother = [[Catherine of Sweden (1584-1638)|Catherine of Sweden]]
| spouse = [[Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse-Eschwege]]
| issue = Christine, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Bevern<br>[[Juliana of Hesse-Eschwege|Juliana, Baroness of Lilienburg]]<br>Charlotte, Countess of Bentheim-Tecklenburg
| issue-link = #Children
| birth_date = {{birth_date|1626|5|17|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Stegeborg Castle]] in [[Östergötland]]
| death_date = {{death date and age|1692|3|3|1626|5|17|df=yes}}
| death_place = [[Osterholz-Scharmbeck|Osterholz]]
}}
'''Eleonora Catherine of the Palatinate-Zweibrücken''' (17 May 1626 – 3 March 1692), was a cousin and foster sister of Queen [[Christina of Sweden]] and sister of King [[Charles X of Sweden]]. After her brother's accession to the throne (1654), she and her siblings were all considered [[Swedish Royal Family|royal princesses and princes of Sweden]].<ref>Ulf Sundberg in ''Kungliga släktband'', Historiska media, [[Lund]], 2004, {{ISBN|91-85057-48-7}} p. 281</ref> As the wife of [[Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse-Eschwege]] (1617–1655), she was by marriage Landgravine of Hesse-Eschwege, and after her husband's death acted as [[regent]] and administrator of his lands (1655–1692).<ref>[http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/womeninpower/Womeninpower1640.htm Women in Power : 1640-1700]</ref>
== Biography ==
Eleonora was born at Stegeborg Palace in [[Östergötland]], Sweden to Princess [[Catherine of Sweden (1584-1638)|Catharina of Sweden]] and [[John Casimir, Count Palatine of Kleeburg|John Casimir, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]]-Kleeburg. Her mother was an elder half-sister of King [[Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden]] and the firstborn daughter of King [[Charles IX of Sweden|Charles IX]]. Her parents, who were [[second cousin]]s, had lived in Sweden since 1622, and Eleonora and her siblings, including her sister [[Maria Euphrosyne of Zweibrücken|Maria Eufrosyne]], grew up in Sweden as foster siblings of their cousin, Queen [[Christina of Sweden]]. Eleonora was only about seven months older than Christina and had the same teacher, [[Johannes Matthiæ]].
The negotiations concerning her marriage with Landgrave Frederick of Hesse-Eschwege, son of [[Maurice, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel]], started in 1643. The landgrave was a second cousin of both her parents and nine years her senior. The negotiation process was difficult, but finally completed in June 1646. She was granted a fortune of 20,000 [[Baden gulden|gulden]] by her father. The marriage took place at [[Tre Kronor (castle)|Tre Kronor]] in [[Stockholm]] on 6 September 1646.
After the wedding, Eleonora confessed before her husband, "on her knees", that she had had an affair with a [[French people|French]] [[lute]]-player and actor, named Beschon, from the French court theatre of [[Antoine de Beaulieu]], and was pregnant with his child.<ref name="riksarkivet">[http://sok.riksarkivet.se/sbl/Presentation.aspx?id=15952 ''Eleonora Catharina'' in Riksarkivet.se] (in Swedish) [retrieved 11 June 2014].</ref><ref>[http://www.weser-kurier.de/region/osterholz_artikel,-Neues-vom-tollen-Fritz-_arid,383605.html Frederick of Hesse-Eschwege : ''News from the "great Fritz"'' in Weser Kurier.de] (in German) [retrieved 11 June 2014].</ref> Frederick decided to act like nothing happened and hide the matter, but it became a known scandal. Beschon wrote a composition to Eleonora which he sent her along with a letter dated 28 February 1647, but she gave it to her brother; this document is now preserved in the Stegeborg collection.<ref name="riksarkivet"/> In 1648, she referred to the queen's head lady-in-waiting [[Margareta Brahe]] as her "Dearest Protection", likely because Margareta Brahe had defended her when she gave birth to an illegitimate child.<ref>Fabian Persson (1999). Servants of Fortune. The Swedish court between 1598 and 1721. Lund: Wallin & Dalholm. {{ISBN|91-628-3340-5}} p. 171 </ref>
The marriage has been described as unhappy. [[Frederick, Landgrave of Hesse-Eschwege|Frederick]] took part in the [[Second Northern War|war]] of his brother-in-law in [[Poland]], where he was shot in 1655. Eleonora never remarried. It is said she was too embarrassed by the scandal with Beschon to return to the Swedish court, so she preferred to live in her fief [[Osterholz-Scharmbeck|Osterholz]], where she founded a pharmacy and hired the first teacher and doctor of the town.<ref name="Heimatverein Lilienthal">[http://www.heimatverein-lilienthal.de/bibliothek-Dateien/zeitreise-25.pdf ''Eleonora Catharine'' in heimatverein-lilienthal.de] (in German) [retrieved 5 January 2015].</ref>
Eleonora was the administrator and regent of her husband's possessions in the [[Holy Roman Empire]]. Eleonora sent her daughter Juliana to be brought up at the Swedish royal court, where she was regarded as a prospective bride for Charles XI until she became pregnant in 1672. Eleonora did in fact visit Sweden a couple of times: in 1661, in 1674 and in 1681. During her 1674 visit, [[Lorenzo Magalotti]] described her as "a wicked, vain, strange, proud and melancholic woman" who spent most of her time in pious devotions.<ref name="riksarkivet"/>
Eleonora died in [[Osterholz-Scharmbeck|Osterholz]], [[Duchy of Bremen|Bremen]] (today's Germany) and is buried at the ''Altstädter Kirche'' ("Old City church") in Eschwege where now stands the ''Marktkirche'' ("Market Church").
Some of her notable descendants are [[Wilhelm II, German Emperor]]; [[Nicholas II of Russia]]; Queen [[Victoria of the United Kingdom]]; [[Charles, Prince of Wales]]; and the present king of Sweden, [[Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden|Carl XVI Gustaf]].
==Children==
* Margarete (b. Erfurt, 31 March 1647 – d. Erfurt, 19 October 1647).{{efn|Probably she was the child product of the affair with the lute-player. According to historiography, Eleonora Catherine confessed the affair to her husband at the beginning of 1647, when the pregnancy could no longer be concealed.}}
* [[Christine of Hesse-Eschwege|Christine]] (b. Kassel, 30 October 1649 – d. Bevern, 18 March 1702), married in 1667 to [[Ferdinand Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg]]-Bevern.
* Elizabeth (b. Eschwege, 7 April 1650 – d. Eschwege, 27 April 1651).
* [[Juliana of Hesse-Eschwege|Juliana]] (b. Eschwege, 14 May 1652 – d. [[IJsselstein]], 20 June 1693), prospective bride of [[Charles XI of Sweden]]; married in 1680 Johann Jakob Marchand, Baron of Lilienburg.
* [[Charlotte of Hesse-Eschwege|Charlotte]] (b. Eschwege, 3 September 1653 – d. Bremen, 7 February 1708), married firstly in 1673 with [[August of Saxe-Weissenfels (1650–1674)|Prince August of Saxe-Weissenfels]] (son of Duke [[August, Duke of Saxe-Weissenfels|August]]) and secondly in 1679 with John Adolph, Count of Bentheim-Tecklenburg (divorced 1693).
* Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Hesse-Eschwege (b. Eschwege, 30 November 1654 – d. Eschwege, 27 July 1655).
==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Eleonora Catharina of Pfalz-Zweibrücken'''
|2= 2. [[John Casimir, Count Palatine of Kleeburg]]
|3= 3. [[Catherine of Sweden (1584-1638)|Catharina of Sweden]]
|4= 4. [[John I, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]]
|5= 5. [[Magdalene of Jülich-Cleves-Berg]]
|6= 6. [[Charles IX of Sweden]]
|7= 7. [[Maria of the Palatinate-Simmern]]
|8= 8. [[Wolfgang, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]]
|9= 9. [[Anna of Hesse]]
|10= 10. [[William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg]]
|11= 11. [[Archduchess Maria of Austria (1531–1581)|Archduchess Maria of Austria]]
|12= 12. [[Gustav I of Sweden]]
|13= 13. [[Margaret Leijonhufvud]]
|14= 14. [[Louis VI, Elector Palatine]]
|15= 15. [[Elisabeth of Hesse]]
|16= 16. [[Louis II, Count Palatine of Zweibrücken]]
|17= 17. [[Elisabeth of Hesse (1503–1563)|Elisabeth of Hesse]]
|18= 18. [[Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse]] (=30)
|19= 19. [[Christine of Saxony]] (=31)
|20= 20. [[John III, Duke of Cleves]]
|21= 21. [[Maria of Jülich-Berg]]
|22= 22. [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor]]
|23= 23. [[Anna of Bohemia and Hungary]]
|24= 24. [[Erik Johansson Vasa]]
|25= 25. [[Cecilia Månsdotter]]
|26= 26. {{Interlanguage link multi|Erik Abrahamsson Leijonhufvud|sv|3=Erik Abrahamsson (Leijonhufvud)}}
|27= 27. [[Ebba Eriksdotter Vasa]]
|28= 28. [[Frederick III, Elector Palatine]]
|29= 29. [[Marie of Brandenburg-Kulmbach]]
|30= 30. Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse (=18)
|31= 31. Christine of Saxony (=19)
}}
== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}
== References ==
<references/>
== External links ==
* [http://runeberg.org/sqvinnor/0154.html Eleonora Katarina av Pfalz] på [[Projekt Runeberg]]
* http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/womeninpower/Womeninpower1640.htm
* http://runeberg.org/nfbg/0204.html
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