Diferencia entre revisiones de «Guerra de la reina Ana»
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En esta guerra no hubo casi combates por la posesión de la [[Tierra de Rupert]] (las tierra en torno a la bahía de Hudson). El territorio se lo habían disputado intensamente compañías rivales francesas y británicas desde la década de 1680, pero el [[Tratado de Ryswick]] de 1697 había otorgado la posesión de las tierras a Francia, salvo por un asentamiento en la bahía. En único hecho de armas relevante durante esta nueva contienda fue el [[batalla de fuerte Albany (1709)|ataque francés]] al [[Fort Albany, Ontario|fuerte Albany]] en 1709.<ref>Newman, pp. 87, 109-124</ref><ref>Bryce, p. 58</ref> La [[Compañía de la Bahía de Hudson]] deseaba recobrar los territorios que había poseído y que no había recuperado en la paz de Ryswick y presionó para que le fuesen devueltos en la paz que puso fin a la nueva guerra.<ref>Newman, pp. 127-128</ref>
==Curso de la guerra==
===Carolina y Florida===
[[Archivo:Pierre Le Moyne Iberville.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville]] trató de forjar lazos con las tribus de la cuenca del Misisipí tras la [[guerra del rey Guillermo]].]]
Colonos franceses y británicos entendieron a principios del siglo {{SIGLO|XVIII}} la importancia política y comercial que tendría en un futuro el dominio de la cuenca del [[río Misisipí]] y decidieron apoderarse de ella e impedir que lo hiciese el rival. El explorador frnco-canadiense [[Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville]] diseñó su ''Project sur la Caroline'' cuando concluyó la guerra anterior con el Reino Unido; este incluía el establecimiento de relaciones estrechas con las tribus indias de la cuenca del gran río, que los franceses debían utilizar para tratar de limitar las colonias inglesas a las zonas costeras y, si era posible, para eliminar incluso estas. Para ponerlo en práctica, viajó a la desembocadura del río, a la que ya había llegado anteriormente [[René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle|La Salle]] en 1670, y fundó el fuerte Maurepas en 1699. Partiendo de esta nueva base y del [[Mobile (Alabama)|fuerte Louis de la Mobile]] (fundado en 1702),<ref>Peckham, p. 58</ref> abordó la creación de vínculos con las tribus de la región, como los choctaw, chickasaw, natchez, entre otras.<ref>Waselkov and Hatley, pp. 105-137</ref>
English colonial traders and explorers from Carolina had established a substantial trading network across the southeastern part of the continent that extended all the way to the Mississippi.<ref>Crane, p. 382</ref> Its leaders had little respect for the Spanish in Florida, but they understood the threat posed by the French arrival on the coast. Both Carolina governor [[Joseph Blake (governor)|Joseph Blake]] and his successor [[James Moore (South Carolina politician)|James Moore]] articulated visions of expansion to the south and west at the expense of French and Spanish interests.<ref>Crane, p. 380</ref>
Iberville had approached the Spanish in January 1702 before the war broke out in Europe, recommending that the [[Apalachee]] warriors be armed and sent against the English colonists and their allies. The Spanish organized an expedition under Francisco Romo de Uriza which left [[Pensacola, Florida]] in August for the trading centers of the Carolina back country. The English colonists had advance warning of the expedition and organized a defense at the head of the [[Flint River (Georgia)|Flint River]], where they [[Battle of Flint River|routed the Spanish-led force]] with some 500 Spanish-led Indians killed or captured.<ref>Oatis, pp. 49–50</ref>
Carolina's Governor Moore received notification concerning the hostilities, and he organized and led a force against Spanish Florida.<ref name=A33>Arnade, p. 33</ref> 500 English colonial soldiers and militia and 300 Indians captured and burned the town of [[St. Augustine, Florida]] in the [[Siege of St. Augustine (1702)]].<ref>Winsor, p. 318</ref> The English were unable to take [[Castillo de San Marcos|the main fortress]] and withdrew when a Spanish fleet arrived from Havana.<ref name=A33/> In 1706, Carolina successfully repulsed [[Lefebvre's Charles Town expedition|an attack]] on [[Charleston, South Carolina|Charles Town]] by a combined Spanish and French amphibious force sent from Havana.<ref>Winsor, p. 319</ref>
The [[Apalachee]] and [[Timucua]] of Spanish Florida were virtually wiped out in a raiding expedition by Moore that became known as the [[Apalachee Massacre]] of 1704.<ref>Arnade, pp. 35–36</ref> Many of the survivors of these raids were relocated to the [[Savannah River]] where they were confined to reservations.<ref name=C340/> Raids continued in the following years consisting of large Indian forces, sometimes including a small number of white men;<ref>Arnade, p. 36</ref> this included major expeditions directed at [[Siege of Pensacola (1707)|Pensacola]] in 1707 and [[Battle of Mobile (1709)|Mobile]] in 1709.<ref>Crane, p. 390</ref><ref>Higginbotham, pp. 308–312<!--Pensacola 1707-->,383–385<!--Mobile 1709--></ref> The [[Muscogee people|Muscogee (Creek)]], [[Yamasee]], and [[Chickasaw]] were armed and led by English colonists, and they dominated these conflicts at the expense of the [[Choctaw]], Timucua, and Apalachee.<ref name=C340>Covington, p. 340</ref>
===Terranova===
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