Diferencia entre revisiones de «Cirugía robótica»

 

== Antecedentes históricos ==

 

El control por realimentación, el desarrollo de herramientas especializadas y la división del trabajo en tareas más pequeñas que pudieran realizar obreros o máquinas fueron ingredientes esenciales en la automatización de las fábricas en el siglo XVIII. A medida que mejoraba la tecnología se desarrollaron máquinas especializadas para tareas como poner tapones a las botellas o verter caucho líquido en moldes para neumáticos. Sin embargo, ninguna de estas máquinas tenía la versatilidad del brazo humano, y no podía alcanzar objetos alejados y colocarlos en la posición deseada.

 

En 1999 la Empresa Intuitive Surgical lanza al mercado el Sistema quirúrgico Da Vinci, el cual ha tenido mejoras a través del tiempo, pasando por sus modelos S, Si, Xi y el recientemente lanzado "SP". Hasta diciembre de 2017 se contabilizan en el mundo alrededor de 4409 sistemas Da Vinci, siendo Estados Unidos el país con más equipos disponibles, con un total de 2,862. En Latinoamérica se cuenta con 120 aproximadamente y en México se contabilizan alrededor de 11 sistemas, con sedes en la CDMX, Guadalajara, Monterrey y Tijuana.

<!-- The da Vinci Surgical System comprises three components: a surgeon’s console, a patient-side robotic cart with 4 arms manipulated by the surgeon (one to control the camera and three to manipulate instruments), and a high-definition 3D vision system. Articulating surgical instruments are mounted on the robotic arms which are introduced into the body through [[cannula]]s. The device senses the surgeon’s hand movements and translates them electronically into scaled-down micro-movements to manipulate the tiny proprietary instruments. It also detects and filters out any tremors in the surgeon's hand movements, so that they are not duplicated robotically. The camera used in the system provides a true stereoscopic picture transmitted to a surgeon's console. The da Vinci System is [[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]] cleared for a variety of surgical procedures including surgery for prostate cancer, hysterectomy and mitral valve repair, and is used in more than 800 hospitals in the [[Americas]] and [[Europe]]. The da Vinci System was used in 48,000 procedures in 2006 and sells for about $1.2 million.{{Citation needed|date=March 2008}} The new da Vinci HD SI released in April, 2009 currently sells for $1.75 million. The first robotic surgery took place at [[The Ohio State University Medical Center]] in [[Columbus, Ohio]] under the direction of Dr. Robert E. Michler, Professor and Chief, Cardiothoracic Surgery.<McConnell PI, Schneeberger EW, Michler RE. History and development of robotic cardiac surgery. Problems in General Surgery 2003;20:62-72.>

*In 1997 a reconnection of the fallopian tubes operation was performed successfully in Cleveland using ZEUS.<ref>[http://www.howstuffworks.com/framed.htm?parent=robotic-surgery.htm&url=http://www.hoise.com/vmw/99/articles/vmw/LV-VM-11-99-1.html VMW Monthly]</ref>

*In January 2009, Dr. Todd Tillmanns reported the results of the largest multi-institutional study on the use of the da-Vinci robotic surgical system in gynecologic oncology and included learning curves for current and new users as a method to assess their acquisition of skills using the device.

*In January 2009, the first all-robotic-assisted [[kidney transplant]] was performed at [[Saint Barnabas Medical Center]] in [[Livingston, New Jersey]] by Dr. Stuart Geffner. The same team performed eight more fully robotic-assisted kidney transplants over the next six months.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/http://wcbstv.com/health/da.vinci.robot.2.1055154.html New Robot Technology Eases Kidney Transplants], ''CBS News'', June 22, 2009 - accessed July 8, 2009</ref> -->

 

== Ventajas ==