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{{Ficha de organización
{{Infobox company
| name = Moody's Corporation
| logo = [[Archivo:Moody’s logo.svg|225px]]
| caption =
| type = [[Public company|PublicPública]]
| traded_as = {{nyse|MCO}}<br />[[S&P 500|S&P 500 Component]]
| genre = <!-- Only used with media and publishing companies -->
| fate =
Línea 10:
| successor =
| foundation = {{Start date|1909}}
| founder = [[John Moody (financial analyst)|John Moody]]
| defunct = <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| location_citylocation = [[7 World Trade Center]]<br> = [[NewNueva York City]], {{EEUU}}
| area_served = Mundial
| location_country = [[United States]]
| key_people = [[Raymond W. McDaniel Jr.]]<br /><small>([[CEO]]) </small><br />
| locations =
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = [[Raymond W. McDaniel Jr.]]<br /><small>([[CEO]]) </small>
| industry =
| products = [[Servicios financieros]]
| services = [[Agencia de calificación de riesgos|Calificación de riesgos]]
| revenue = {{profit}} [[United States dollar|$]]2.032 billionmillones (2010)
| operating_income = {{profit}} $772.,8 millionmillones (2010)
| net_income = {{profit}} $507.,8 millionmillones (2010)
| aum = <!-- Only used with financial services companies -->
| assets =
| equity =
| owner =
| num_employees = 4,.500
| parent =
| divisions = [[Moody's Analytics]]<br />[[Moody's Investors Service]]
| subsid =
| homepage = {{URL|www.moodys.com}}
| footnotes = <ref name="Moody's Corp 2010 10-K">{{cita web |url=http://ir.moodys.com/secfiling.cfm?filingID=1193125-11-47974 |título=Moody's Corporation Form 10-K|fechaacceso=4 de agosto de 2011|fecha=28 de febrero de 2011 |obra=ir.moody's.com |editorial=Moody's Corporation |fechaacceso=4 de agosto de 2011}}</ref>
| intl =
}}
'''Moody's Corporation''' ({{nyse|MCO}}) es la sociedad matriz de '''Moody's Investors Service''', una [[agencia de calificación de riesgo]] que realiza la investigación financiera internacional y el análisis de las entidades comerciales y gubernamentales. La empresa también califica la solvencia de los prestatarios mediante una escala de calificaciones estandarizadas. La compañía tiene una participación del 40% en el mercado mundial de calificación crediticia, así como su principal rival, [[Standard & Poor's]].<ref name=WP231104>Alec Klein, ''[[Washington Post]]'', 23 November 2004, [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A5573-2004Nov22.html Smoothing the Way for Debt Markets: Firms' Influence Has Grown Along With World's Reliance on Bonds]</ref>
'''Moody's Corporation''', often referred to as '''Moody's''', is the holding company for [[Moody's Investors Service]] (MIS), a [[credit rating agency]], and [[Moody's Analytics]] (MA), a provider of financial analysis software and services.
 
Moody's fue fundada en 1909 por John Moody. Los principales propietarios institucionales de Moody's incluyen la compañía de Warren Buffett [[Berkshire Hathaway]], y Davis Selected Advisers.
Moody's was founded by [[John Moody (financial analyst)|John Moody]] in 1909 to produce manuals of statistics related to stocks and bonds and [[Bond credit rating|bond ratings]]. Moody's was acquired by [[Dun & Bradstreet]] in 1962. In 2000, Dun & Bradstreet spun off Moody's Corporation as a separate company that was listed on the NYSE under MCO. In 2007, Moody's Corporation was split into two operating divisions, Moody's Investors Service, the rating agency, and [[Moody's Analytics]], with all of its other products.<ref>[http://www.allbusiness.com/services/business-services/4540649-1.html Moody’s Corporation Announces New Business Unit Structure August 7, 2007]</ref>
 
== History of Moody'sHistoria ==
 
Moody's fue fundada en 1909 por John Moody, después de haber quebrado en el crac de la bolsa de 1907 no haciendo frente a sus deudas. A partir de "Analyses of Railroad Investments", un libro sobre los valores de vías férreas, con calificaciones de letras para evaluar su riesgo.<ref name=WP231104/> Moody's Investors Service se incorporó el 1 la cobertura a los bonos municipales de EE.UU. En 1924, las calificaciones de Moody's cubrían casi el 100 por ciento del mercado de bonos de EE.UU.<ref name=hist/>
Moody's Corporation traces its history back to two publishing companies established by [[John Moody (financial analyst)|John Moody]], the inventor of modern [[bond credit rating]]s. It was first published in 1900 by [[John Moody (financial analyst)|John Moody]], nine years before he founded Moody's Corporation. Initially called ''Moody's Manual of Industrial and Miscellaneous Securities'', it was later superseded by ''Moody's Manual of Railroads and Corporation Securities'', then by ''Moody's Analyses of Investments''.<ref>{{cita web|url=http://www.cbc.ca/money/story/2010/05/13/f-ratings-agencies.html|título=Debt rating alphabet soup can spell disaster|fechaacceso=13 de junio de 2010|autor=Evans, Peter|fecha=13 de mayo de 2010|editorial=CBC}}</ref><ref>{{cita web|url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2009-12-23/buffett-sells-moody-s-stock-for-sixth-time-since-july-update2-.html|título=Buffett Sells Moody’s Stock for Sixth Time Since July (Update2)|fechaacceso=13 de junio de 2010|autor=Frye, Andrew; Leising, Matthew|fecha=23 de diciembre de 2009|editorial=Bloomberg}}</ref>
 
En la década de 1970, Moody's se expandió a la deuda comercial, y también comenzó la práctica, junto con otras agencias de calificación, de cobrar a los emisores de bonos por la calificación, así como a inversores.<ref name=hist>Moody's [http://www.moodys.com/moodys/cust/AboutMoodys/AboutMoodys.aspx?topic=history History]</ref>
In 1900, Moody published his first market assessment, called ''Moody's Manual of Industrial and Miscellaneous Securities'', and established John Moody & Company.<ref name="Sinclair 05">{{Cita libro|apellido=Sinclair|nombre=Timothy J.|enlaceautor=Timothy J. Sinclair|año=2005|título=The New Masters of Capital: American Bond Rating Agencies and the Politics of Creditworthiness|url=http://www.cornellpress.cornell.edu/book/?GCOI=80140100511490|lugar=Ithaca, New York|editorial=Cornell University Press|isbn=978-0-8014-7491-0|fechaacceso=30 de agosto de 2011}}</ref> The publication provided detailed statistics relating to stocks and bonds of financial institutions, government agencies, manufacturing, mining, utilities, and food companies. It experienced early success, selling out its first print run in its first two months.
 
El número de países cubiertos por Moody's ha aumentado de 3 en 1975, a 33 en 1990 y a más de 100 en el año 2000.<ref name=WP231104b>Alec Klein, ''[[Washington Post]]'', 23 November 2004, [http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A5572-2004Nov22?language=printer Credit Raters Exert International Influence]</ref> Los anuncios de Moody's sobre posible o real rebaja de calificación de los bonos de un país puede tener un gran impacto político y económico, como por ejemplo en Canadá en 1995.<ref name=WP231104b/>
By 1903, ''[[Moody's Manual]]'' was a nationally-recognized publication.<ref name="Moody's History">{{cita web|url=http://moodys.com/Pages/atc001.aspx|título=Moody's History: A Century of Market Leadership|fechaacceso=17 de agosto de 2011|obra=moody's.com}}</ref> The [[Panic of 1907|1907 financial crisis]] fueled several changes in the markets, including the creation of the [[Federal Reserve System]].<ref name="Sinclair 05"/> Meanwhile, Moody was forced to sell his business, due to a shortage of capital.<ref name="Moody's History"/> Moody returned in 1909 with a new publication focused solely on railroad bonds, ''Analysis of Railroad Investments'',<ref name="JEP Spring 10">{{cite journal |last1=White |first1=Lawrence J. |year=Spring 2010 |title=The Credit Rating Agencies |journal=Journal of Economic Perspectives |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=211–226 |publisher=American Economic Association |doi=10.1257/jep.24.2.211 |url=http://pubs.aeaweb.org/doi/pdf/10.1257/jep.24.2.211 |accessdate=30 August 2011}}</ref><ref name="Yasuyuki Litan 06">{{Cita libro|apellido=Yasuyuki|nombre=Fuchita|coautor=Robert E. Litan|año=2006|título=Financial Gatekeepers: Can They Protect Investors?|url=http://www.brookings.edu/press/Books/2006/financialgatekeepers.aspx|lugar=Washington, D.C.|editorial=Brookings Institution Press|isbn=978-0-8157-2981-5|fechaacceso=30 de agosto de 2011}}</ref> and a new company, Moody's Analyses Publishing Company.<ref name="Sinclair 05"/>
 
== Crítica ==
In 1962, [[Moody's Investors Service]] was bought by [[Dun & Bradstreet]], a firm engaged in the related field of [[credit bureau|credit reporting]], although they continued to operate largely as independent companies.<ref name="Sylla 01">{{cite conference |url=http://www1.worldbank.org/finance/assets/images/Historical_Primer.pdf |title=A Historical Primer on the Business of Credit Ratings |author=Richard Sylla |authorlink=Richard Sylla |date=1–2 March 2000 |conference=The Role of Credit Reporting Systems in the International Economy |publisher=The World Bank |location=Washington, D.C. |accessdate=30 August 2011}}</ref> By the late 1990s, Moody's superior performance compared to its parent company brought investor pressure to separate the businesses.<ref name="Bond Buyer Dec 99">{{cite news |title=Independent Moody's Could Be A More Vigorous Competitor |author=Lynn Sherman |url= |newspaper=The Bond Buyer |date=16 December 1999 |accessdate=30 August 2011}}</ref> In December 1999, Dun & Bradstreet announced it would spin off Moody's Investors Service into a separate [[Public company|publicly traded company]].<ref name="NYT Dec 99">{{cite news |title=Dun & Bradstreet Will Spin Off Moody's |author=Kenneth N. Gilpin |url=http://www.nytimes.com/1999/12/16/business/dun-bradstreet-will-spin-off-moody-s.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=16 December 1999 |accessdate=30 August 2011}}</ref> The spin-off was completed on September 30, 2000.<ref name="Airfinance 00">{{cite news |title=Moody's blues |author=Louise Bowman |url=http://www.airfinancejournal.com/Article/2051700/Search/Results/Moodys-blues.html |magazine=Airfinance Journal |date=November 2000 |accessdate=30 August 2011}}</ref>
Las agencias de calificación crediticia como Moody's han sido objeto de críticas en la estela de grandes pérdidas en el mercado de obligaciones de deuda colateralizadas (collateralized debt obligation o CDO) que se produjeron a pesar de serle asignadas la máxima calificación por las agencias.<ref name="cdo">{{Obra citada
| last = Tomlinson
| first = Richard
| author-link =
| last2 = Evans
| first2 = David
| author2-link =
| title = CDOs mask huge subprime losses, abetted by credit rating agencies
| newspaper = International Herald Tribune
| pages =
| year = 2007
| date = 2007-06-01
| url = http://www.iht.com/articles/2007/05/31/bloomberg/bxinvest.php}}</ref>
 
=== Moody'sControversia Investorsen ServicePortugal ===
 
El [[5 de julio]] de [[2011]] la deuda soberana portuguesa fue degradada de categoría hasta la Ba2 lo que enfureció a la [[Unión Europea]] y a [[Portugal]]. Moody's fue acusada de especular con los mercados y de atacar a la economía europea. Además la legitimidad de las agencias estadounidenses fue puesta en duda.<ref>{{cita noticia
{{Main|Moody's Investors Service}}
| apellido = Luke
Moody's Investors Service is the [[bond credit rating]] business of Moody's Corporation, representing the company's traditional line of business and its historical name. Moody's Investors Service rates [[Security (finance)|debt securities]] in several market segments related to [[Government debt|public]] and [[commercial paper|commercial]] securities in the [[bond market]]. These include [[Government bond|government]], [[Municipal bond|municipal]] and [[corporate bond]]s; managed investments such as [[money market fund]]s, fixed-income funds and [[hedge fund]]s; financial institutions including banks and non-bank finance companies; and asset classes in [[structured finance]].<ref name="Moody's Market Segments">{{cita web|url=http://www.moodys.com/researchandratings/market-segment/home|título=Market Segment|fechaacceso=30 de agosto de 2011|año=2011|obra=moodys.com|editorial=Moody's Investors Service}}</ref>
| nombre = Baker
| author-link = http://blogs.reuters.com/search/journalist.php?edition=us&n=luke.baker&
| last2 =
| first2 =
| author2-link =
| título = UPDATE 2-EU attacks credit rating agencies, suggests bias
| newspaper = Reuters
| páginas =
| fecha = 06-07-2011
| url = http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/06/eurozone-ratings-barroso-idUSLDE7650ST20110706
| postscript = <!--None-->}}</ref>
 
Las empresas públicas y de infraestructuras de Portugal como [[ANA-Aeroportos de Portugal]], [[Energias de Portugal]], [[Redes Energéticas Nacionais]], y [[Brisa - Auto-estradas de Portugal]] fueron también degradadas a pesar de tener unos perfiles financieros sólidos y beneficios importantes.
Moody's Investors Service's closest competitors are [[Standard & Poor's]] (S&P) and [[Fitch Group]]. Together, they are sometimes referred to as the [[Big Three (credit rating agencies)|Big Three]] credit rating agencies. Moody's Investors Service and its close competitors play a key role in global [[capital market]]s as a supplementary credit analysis provider for banks and other financial institutions in assessing the credit risk of particular securities.<ref name="FSB Oct 10">{{cita web|url=http://www.financialstabilityboard.org/publications/r_101027.pdf|título=Principles for Reducing Reliance on CRA Ratings|fechaacceso=30 de agosto de 2011|fecha=27 de octubre de 2010|obra=financialstabilityboard.org|editorial=Financial Stability Board}}</ref>
 
Los ciudadanos portugueses calificaron a las acciones de Moody como [[terrorismo económico]] y se lanzaron a varias iniciativas, entre ellas bloquear las páginas de Moody en los servidores portugueses. El 11 de julio la website de Moody estuvo deshabilitada en Portugal y en otros países por un ataque [[DDos]].<ref>http://economicsnewspaper.com/policy/spain/portuguese-surfers-coordinate-an-attack-on-moodys-website-44278.html</ref><ref>http://www.ninjaarticle.com/2011/07/12/portuguese-surfers-coordinate-attack-moodys-website/497</ref>
According to Moody's, the purpose of its ratings is to "provide investors with a simple system of gradation by which future relative creditworthiness of securities may be gauged". To each of its ratings from Aa through Caa, Moody's appends numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3; the lower the number, the higher-end the rating. Aaa, Ca and C are not modified this way.<ref name="Moody's Definitions">{{cita web|url=http://www.moodys.com/ratings-process/Ratings-Definitions/002002|título=Ratings Definitions|fechaacceso=30 de agosto de 2011|año=2011|obra=moodys.com|editorial=Moody's Investors Service}}</ref><ref name="IOSCO 03">{{cita web|url=http://www.fsa.go.jp/inter/ios/20030930/05.pdf|título=Report on the Activities of Credit Rating Agencies|fechaacceso=1 de diciembre de 2011|fecha=septiembre de 2003|editorial=The Technical Committee of the International Organization of Securities Commissions}}</ref>
 
== Calificaciones de Moody's Analytics ==
 
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
{{Main|Moody's Analytics}}
|-
Moody's Analytics is a subsidiary of Moody's Corporation established in 2007 to focus on non-rating activities. It performs economic research related to [[credit analysis]], [[performance management]], [[Financial risk modeling|financial modeling]], [[structured analysis]] and [[financial risk management]]. Moody's Analytics also offers software and consulting services, including proprietary economic models and software tools, as well as [[Professional development|professional training]] for the financial services sector, particularly [[Financial risk management|risk management]] accreditation.
! colspan="3" style="background:#AACCEE" |Calificaciones de la deuda de Moody's
|- style="font-weight:bold"
!colspan="3" style="background:#AAEEAA"| Grado de inversión
|- style="font-weight:bold"
! width ="140" style="background:#808080; color:White"| Rating ||! width ="350" style="background:#808080; color:White" |Calificaciones a largo plazo ||! width ="200" style="background:#808080; color:White"|Calificaciones a corto plazo
|-
| style="background:LightGrey" |Aaa || style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|Moody califica estas obligaciones como la de más alta calidad,<ref name="MRSD8">{{cita web |título=Moody's Rating Symbols & Definitions |page=8 |url=http://v3.moodys.com/sites/products/AboutMoodysRatingsAttachments/MoodysRatingsSymbolsand%20Definitions.pdf |formato=PDF |fechaacceso=21-09-2009}}</ref> con el grado más pequeño "de riesgo".<ref name="moodys"/> ||! rowspan="5" |'''Prime-1'''<br/>Moody califica Prime-1 como de "una capacidad superior para reembolsar las obligaciones de deuda a corto plazo".<ref name="MRSD10">{{cita web |título=Moody's Rating Symbols & Definitions |page=10 |url=http://v3.moodys.com/sites/products/AboutMoodysRatingsAttachments/MoodysRatingsSymbolsand%20Definitions.pdf |formato=PDF |fechaacceso=21-09-2009}}</ref>
Best ability to repay short-term debt
|-
| style="background:LightGrey" |Aa1 ||! rowspan="3" style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|Moody calfica estas obligaciones como de la más alta calidad, con "riesgo de crédito muy bajo",<ref name="MRSD8"/> pero su susceptibilidad a los riesgos a largo plazo parece un poco mayor.<ref name="moodys"/>
|-
| style="background:LightGrey" |Aa2
|-
| style="background:LightGrey" |Aa3
|-
| style="background:LightGrey" |A1 ||! rowspan="3" style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|Moody califica estas obligaciones como de "grado medio-alto, sujeto a "bajo riesgo crediticio",<ref name="MRSD8"/> pero que tienen elementos actuales que sugieren una susceptibilidad de deterioro a largo plazo".<ref name="moodys"/>
|-
| style="background:LightGrey" |A2 ||! rowspan="2"|'''Prime-1'''/'''Prime-2'''<br/>Best ability or high ability to repay short term debt
|-
| style="background:LightGrey" |A3
|-
| style="background:LightGrey" |Baa1||! rowspan="3" style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"| Moody califica estas obligaciones como de "moderado riesgo de crédito".<ref name="MRSD8"/> Se consideran de grado medio y como tal "elementos de protección pueden faltar o ser poco fiables característicamente".<ref name="moodys"/>||'''Prime-2'''<br/>calificado como "fuerte capacidad para pagar obligaciones de deuda a corto plazo".
|-
| style="background:LightGrey" |Baa2 ||'''Prime-2'''/'''Prime-3'''<br/>High ability or acceptable ability to repay short term debt
|-
| style="background:LightGrey" |Baa3 ||'''Prime-3'''<br/>Moody califica Prime-3 como de "una capacidad aceptable de reembolsar las obligaciones a corto plazo"
|-
!colspan="3" style="background:LightCoral"| Grado especulativo (también conocido como "[[bono basura]]")<ref name="MRSD10"/>
|-
! width ="140" style="background:#808080; color:White"| Rating ||! width ="350" style="background:#808080; color:White" |Calificaciones a largo plazo ||! width ="200" style="background:#808080; color:White"|Calificaciones a corto plazo
|-
| style="background:LightGrey"|Ba1 ||! rowspan="3" style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"| Moody juzga obligaciones Ba de tener "la calidad de crédito cuestionable."<ref name="moodys"/> ||! rowspan="11" | '''No Prime'''<br/>Do not fall within any of the prime categories
|-
| style="background:LightGrey" |Ba2
|-
| style="background:LightGrey" |Ba3
|-
| style="background:LightGrey" |B1 ||! rowspan="3" style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"| Moody juzga obligaciones con calificación B como sujeto a especulaciones y "alto riesgo crediticio",<ref name="MRSD8"/> y de tener "la calidad de crédito en general, pobre."<ref name="moodys"/>.
|-
| style="background:LightGrey"|B2
|-
| style="background:LightGrey" |B3
|-
| style="background:LightGrey" |Caa1 ||! rowspan="3" style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|Moody juzga obligaciones Caa a partir de "posición pobre y están sujetos a un riesgo de crédito muy alto",<ref name="MRSD8"/> y de tener "la calidad de crédito de extrema pobreza. Tales bancos pueden estar en [[default|Suspensión de pagos]]..."<ref name="moodys"/>
|-
| style="background:LightGrey" |Caa2
|-
| style="background:LightGrey" |Caa3
|-
| style="background:LightGrey" |Ca || style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"| Moody juzga estas obligaciones como "altamente especulativas",<ref name="MRSD8"/> y están "por lo general en incumplimiento con sus obligaciones de depósito".<ref name="moodys"/>
|-
| style="background:LightGrey" |C ||! rowspan="1" style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|Es la clase más baja dentro de los bonos y están normalmente en concurso de acreedores,"<ref name="MRSD8"/> y la potencial recuperación de principal e intereses es baja.<ref name="moodys"/>
|}
 
Moody's Analytics started in 1995 as a business unit providing [[Quantitative analyst|quantitative analysis]] services, including credit risk assessment software and services, called Moody's Risk Management Service (MRMS),<ref name="Sinclair 05"/><ref name="Airfinance 00"/> and grew through partnerships and acquisitions in the late 1990s and 2000s, expanding its client base and capabilities.<ref name="Airfinance 00"/> Acquisitions included KMV, Economy.com, Wall Street Analytics, Fermat International, Enb Consulting Ltd., The Institute of Risk Standards and Qualifications (iRSQ) and [[Canadian Securities Institute|CSI Global Education Inc.]]<ref>{{cita web|url=http://www.moodysanalytics.com/About-Us/History.aspx|título=Moody's Analytics History|fechaacceso=30 de agosto de 2011|obra=moodysanalytics.com|editorial=Moody's Analytics}}</ref>
 
== The Moody's Foundation ==
In 2002, Moody's Corporation created a corporate philanthropy program, The Moody's Foundation, focused on educational initiatives in mathematics, economics and finance. The organization offers grants to 501(c)(3) non-profits and equivalent international organizations, accredited schools and some governmental organizations.<ref name="TMF FAQs">{{cita web|url=http://v2.moodys.com/cust/prodserv/prodserv.aspx?source=StaticContent/Free%20Pages/Moodys%20in%20the%20community/Moodys%20Foundation/FAQ.htm&template=tmf&context=faqtmf|título=Frequently Asked Questions|fechaacceso=30 de agosto de 2011|año=2010|obra=moodys.com|editorial=The Moody's Foundation}}</ref> As of 2011, The Moody's Foundation has donated more than $20 million to charitable organizations.<ref name="TMF Annual Report">{{cita web|url=http://v2.moodys.com/cust/prodserv/prodserv.aspx?source=StaticContent/Free%20Pages/Moodys%20in%20the%20community/Moodys%20Foundation/AnnualRpt.htm&template=tmf&context=annualRpttmf|título=Annual Report|fechaacceso=30 de agosto de 2011|año=2010|obra=moodys.com|editorial=The Moody's Foundation}}</ref> Its president is Frances Laserson.<ref name="Philanthropy Mar 09">{{cite news |title=Despite Grim Outlook, Some Corporate Philanthropists Stay Upbeat |author=Caroline Preston |url=http://philanthropy.com/article/Despite-Grim-Outlook-Some-/56810/ |newspaper=The Chronicle of Philanthropy |date=12 March 2009 |accessdate=30 August 2011}}</ref>
 
==== Especial ====
Since 2006, its main program is the annual [[Moody's Mega Math Challenge]] (M<sup>3</sup> Challenge), a student academic challenge co-sponsored with the [[Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics]] (SIAM),<ref name="NYT Apr 06">{{cite news |title=That Was Easy: Social Security Problem Solved |author=Jane Gordon |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9804E5D6153FF930A15757C0A9609C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all |newspaper=The New York Times |date=23 April 2006 |accessdate=30 August 2011}}</ref> in which several hundred teams of high school students use [[Quantitative analyst|quantitative analysis]] and modeling to solve problems related to real-life financial topics such as [[Social security|Social Security]] and the [[Economic Stimulus Act of 2008]].<ref name="Teens Apr 29">{{cite press release |title=Teens Ask: Will the Stimulus Package Work? |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/04/08/idUS180799+08-Apr-2009+BW20090408 |publisher=Business Wire |date=8 April 2009 |accessdate=30 August 2011}}</ref><ref name="Trenton May 09">{{cite news |title=West Windsor-Plainsboro North team in top five in Moody's Math Challenge |author=Kristin Jesson Bucci |url=http://www.nj.com/mercer/index.ssf/2009/05/west_windsorplainsboro_north_t.html |newspaper=The Trenton Times |date=6 May 2009 |accessdate=30 August 2011}}</ref> Since 2010<ref name="FC Nov 09">{{cite news |title=Moody's Mega Math Challenge: Wall Street's Strategic Philanthropy |author=Alice Korngold |url=http://www.fastcompany.com/blog/alice-korngold/leading-companies-good/moodyrsquos-mega-math-challenge-wall-streetrsquos-strateg |magazine=Fast Company |date=1 November 2009 |accessdate=30 August 2011}}</ref> the M<sup>3</sup> Challenge has offered more than $100,000 in scholarships to winning students.<ref name="M3 SIAM">{{cita web|url=http://m3challenge.siam.org/about/|título=About the M<sup>3</sup> Challenge|fechaacceso=30 de agosto de 2011|obra=siam.org|editorial=Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics}}</ref><ref name="APP May 08">{{cite news |title=Math challenge adds up to win for teens |author=Shannon Mullen |newspaper=Asbury Park Press |date=1 May 2008}}</ref> In 2008, The Moody's Foundation was recognized by the [[Committee Encouraging Corporate Philanthropy]] for the M<sup>3</sup> Challenge as representing one of the "best social responsibility programs", citing its focus on "real-world issues" and for being "clearly both in the company's interest as well as the nation's".<ref name="Forbes Feb 08">{{cite news |title=Model Corporate Citizens |author=Matthew Kirdahy |url=http://www.forbes.com/2008/02/25/cecp-philanthropy-awards-leadership-citizen-cx_mk_0225cecp.html |magazine=Forbes |date=25 February 2008 |accessdate=30 March 2011}}</ref> Other Moody's academic competitions include the Euro Challenge<ref name="PRN Mar 11">{{cite press release |title=U.S. High School Students Solve The Euro's Challenges? |url=http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/us-high-school-students-solve-the-euros-challenges-118183699.html |publisher=PR Newswire |date=17 March 2011 |accessdate=30 August 2011}}</ref> in cooperation with the [[Delegation of the European Union to the United States]],<ref name="Euro-Challenge">{{cita web|url=http://www.euro-challenge.org/about.html|título=About Euro Challenge|fechaacceso=30 de agosto de 2011|año=2008|obra=euro-challenge.org|editorial=European Union}}</ref> and the [[College National Fed Challenge]] with the [[Federal Reserve Bank of New York]].<ref name="TMF Annual Report"/><ref>{{cita web|url=http://www.newyorkfed.org/education/fedchallenge_college.html|título=College Fed Challenge|fechaacceso=30 de agosto de 2011|obra=newyorkfed.org|editorial=Federal Reserve Bank of New York}}</ref>
 
::'''WR''' - Calificación Retirada<ref name="MRSD">{{cita web |título=Moody's Rating Symbols & Definitions |page=5 |url=http://v3.moodys.com/sites/products/AboutMoodysRatingsAttachments/MoodysRatingsSymbolsand%20Definitions.pdf |formato=PDF |cita=Withdrawn - WR ... Not Rated - NR |fechaacceso=21-09-2009}}</ref>
The Moody's Foundation has also provided support for the financial public broadcasting television program ''What's Up in Finance?'', hosted by [[Kwame Jackson]].<ref name="Thirteen Mar 07">{{cite press release |title=What's Up in Finance? |url=http://www.thirteen.org/pressroom/pdf/whatsupinfinance/WhatsUpInFinanceRelease.pdf |publisher=New York Public Media |date=6 March 2007 |accessdate=30 August 2011}}</ref> Moody's Foundation is a partner of the [[Clinton Global Initiative]] and [[microfinance]] lender [[Kiva (organization)|Kiva.org]], offering training for local field staffers in how to perform credit risk assessments for more than 480,000 borrowers in 18 countries, and the development of a "scorecard and rating system" for microfinance institutions worldwide.<ref name="CGI Sept 10">{{cite press release |title=President Bill Clinton Hosts Plenary Session on Empowering Girls and Women |url=http://press.clintonglobalinitiative.org/press_releases/president-bill-clinton-hosts-plenary-session-on-empowering-girls-and-women/ |publisher= |date=21 September 2010 |accessdate=30 August 2011}}</ref>
 
::'''NR''' - No calificado<ref name="MRSD"/>
== Moody's Research Labs ==
 
::'''P''' - Provisional
Moody's Research Labs, Inc. was a [[business incubator]] focused on [[research and development]] specializing in [[financial risk modeling]] and [[Risk analysis (business)|analysis]], focused on developing such products for use by other divisions of Moody's Corporation.<ref name="MRL Info">{{cita web|url=http://www.moodysresearchlabs.com/Company-Info/Company-Info.aspx|título=Company Info|fechaacceso=30 de agosto de 2011|año=2011|obra=moodysresearchlabs.com|editorial=Moody's Research Labs}}</ref> Its president was Roger Stein.<ref>{{cita web|url=http://moodysresearchlabs.com/Company-Info/Leadership-Team.aspx|título=Leadership Team|fechaacceso=30 de agosto de 2011|año=2011|obra=moodysresearchlabs.com|editorial=Moody's Research Labs}}</ref> In March 2011 [[Moody's Analytics]] announced the release of a software program developed by Moody's Research Labs, the Mortgage Portfolio Analyzer, to assist portfolio managers in managing credit risk.<ref name="MPA Mar 11">{{cite press release |title=Moody’s Analytics Launches Mortgage Portfolio Analyzer (MPA) |url=http://www.thestreet.com/story/11035415/1/moody8217s-analytics-launches-mortgage-portfolio-analyzer-mpa.html |publisher=Business Wire |date=8 March 2011 |accessdate=30 August 2011}}</ref>
Moody's Research Labs was dissolved in February 2012.
 
=== Calificaciones a corto plazo ===
== Lawsuit Settlements ==
October 2011 - Moody’s reached a settlement resolving claims by the state of Connecticut that the credit rating company unfairly gave lower ratings to public bonds.<ref name="October 2011 lawsuit settlement">{{cita web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-10-14/moody-s-s-p-fitch-settle-connecticut-lawsuit-over-public-bond-ratings.html|título=Moody’s, S&P, Fitch Settle Connecticut Lawsuit Over Public Bond Ratings|fechaacceso=28 de septiembre de 2012|fecha=14 de octubre de 2011|editorial=Bloomberg}}</ref>
 
::'''P-1''' - Moody juzga Prime-1 como de "una capacidad superior para reembolsar las obligaciones de deuda a corto plazo".<ref name="MRSD10">{{cita web |título=Moody's Rating Symbols & Definitions |page=10 |url=http://v3.moodys.com/sites/products/AboutMoodysRatingsAttachments/MoodysRatingsSymbolsand%20Definitions.pdf |formato=PDF |fechaacceso=21-09-2009}}</ref>
July 2012 - Moody’s said it reached a settlement with stockholders in lawsuits filed over structured finance ratings.<ref name="July 2012 lawsuit settlement">{{cita web|url=http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-07-24/moody-s-settles-with-shareholders-in-structured-finance-lawsuit.html|título=Moody’s Settles With Shareholders in Structured-Finance Suit|fechaacceso=28 de septiembre de 2012|fecha=24 de julio de 2012|editorial=Bloomberg}}</ref>
 
::'''P-2''' - Moody juzga Prime-2 como "fuerte capacidad para pagar obligaciones de deuda a corto plazo".<ref name="MRSD10"/>
April 2013 - Moody's reached a settlement avoiding what would have been their first jury trial over crisis-era ratings. The fourteen plaintiffs, were led by Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank and King County, Washington. They claimed lawsuits filed in 2008 and 2009 that Moody's misled them by allegedly inflating ratings on two so-called structured investment vehicles they purchased.<ref name="April 2013 lawsuit settlement">{{cita web|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323789704578447561293487032.html|título=S&P, Moody's Settle Ratings Lawsuit|fechaacceso=23 de junio de 2013|fecha=28 de abril de 2013|editorial=Wall Street Journal}}</ref>
 
::'''P-3''' - Moody juzga Prime-3 como de "una capacidad aceptable de reembolsar las obligaciones a corto plazo".<ref name="MRSD10"/>
== References ==
{{reflist|2}}
 
::'''NP''' - Moody considera "Not Prime" por no pertenecer "a ninguna de las categorías de calificación Prime".<ref name="MRSD10"/>
== External links ==
* [http://www.moodys.com/ Moody's]
* [http://www.moodys.com/ Moody's Analytics]
* [http://www.moodysresearchlabs.com/ Moody's Research Labs]
* [http://v2.moodys.com/cust/prodserv/prodserv.aspx?source=StaticContent/Free%20Pages/Moodys%20in%20the%20community/Moodys%20Foundation/Moodys_Foundation_Index.htm&template=tmf&context=tmf The Moody's Foundation]
 
=== Las calificaciones individuales bancarias ===
[[Categoría:Companies established in 1909]]
 
[[Categoría:Companies established in 2000]]
Moody's también califica la fortaleza financiera de cada banco.<ref name="moodys">Moodys. [http://www.moodys.com/moodys/cust/AboutMoodys/AboutMoodys.aspx?topic=rdef&subtopic=moodys%20credit%20ratings&title=View+All+Rating+Definitions.htm Rating Definitions] Requires free registration. Retrieved 2008-10-06</ref>
[[Categoría:American companies established in 2007]]
 
[[Categoría:Credit rating agencies]]
::'''A''' - "Fortaleza financiera intrínseca superior"<ref name="MRSD25">{{cita web |título=Moody's Rating Symbols & Definitions |page=25 |url=http://v3.moodys.com/sites/products/AboutMoodysRatingsAttachments/MoodysRatingsSymbolsand%20Definitions.pdf |formato=PDF |fechaacceso=21-09-2009}}</ref>
[[Categoría:Financial software companies]]
 
[[Categoría:Economics consulting firms]]
::'''B''' - "Fuerte fortaleza financiera intrínseca"<ref name="MRSD25"/>
[[Categoría:Risk management]]
 
[[Categoría:Multinational companies]]
::'''C''' - "Adecuada fortaleza financiera intrínseca"<ref name="MRSD25"/>
[[Categoría:Financial services companies based in New York City]]
 
[[Categoría:Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange]]
::'''D''' - "Modesta fuerza intrínseca financiera, que puede necesitar algún apoyo exterior a veces"<ref name="moodys"/><ref name="MRSD25"/>
 
::'''E''' - "Muy modesta fuerza intrínseca financiera, con una probabilidad mayor de ayuda externa periódica"<ref name="moodys"/><ref name="MRSD25"/>
 
== Véase también ==
* [[Agencia de calificación de riesgos]]
* [[Moody's Analytics]]
* [[Fitch Group]]
* [[Dagong Global Credit Rating]]
 
== Referencias ==
{{listaref}}
 
== Enlaces externos ==
* [http://www.moodys.com Moody's]
* [http://www.washingtonpost.com/ac2/wp-dyn/A5572-2004Nov22?language=printer Credit Raters Exert International Influence (washingtonpost.com)]
* [https://entry.credit-suisse.ch/csfs/p/cb/en/tradefinance/landinfo/lio_laenderratings.jsp Country Ratings]
* [http://www.alacrastore.com/publisher-rss/moodys RSS Feed of Most Recent Moody's Ratings Changes]
* [http://ir.moodys.com/management.cfm Officers]
 
[[Categoría:Empresas multinacionales]]
[[Categoría:Agencias de calificación crediticia]]
[[Categoría:Empresas cotizadas en la Bolsa de Nueva York]]
Obtenido de «https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moody%27s»