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===Initial voicing===
Initial voicing is a process of historical sound change where voiceless consonants become voiced at the beginning of a word. For example, modern German {{lang|de|''sagen''}} {{IPA|[ˈzaːɡn̩]}}, Yiddish {{lang|yi|זאָגן}} {{IPA|[ˈzɔɡn̩]}}, and Dutch {{lang|nl|''zeggen''}} {{IPA|[ˈzɛɣə]}} (all "say") all begin with {{IPA|[z]}}, which derives from {{IPA|[s]}} in an earlier stage of Germanic, as still attested in English ''say'', Swedish {{lang|sv|''säga''}} {{IPA|[ˈsɛjːa]}}, and Icelandic {{lang|is|''segja''}} {{IPA|[ˈseiːja]}}. Some English dialects were affected by this as well, but it is rare in Modern English. One example is ''fox'' (with the original consonant) compared to ''vixen'' (with a voiced consonant).-->
 
== Alemán ==
En alemán toda consonante final antes de pausa pasa a ser articulada como sorda:
:''fertig'' [fɛɐ̯tiç] 'listo, acabado'
:''Rad'' [ʀat] 'rueda'
 
==Referencias==