Diferencia entre revisiones de «Batalla de Werl»

Luego de saquear [[Vest Recklinghausen]], el 1 de marzo Schenck capturó [[Werl]] mediante una maniobra que denota su astucia. Hizo cargar un conjunto de carretas con sus soldados y los cubrió con sal un elemento valorado en esa época. Cuando las carretas con sal se presentaron a las puertas de la ciudad, los guardias abrieron los portones y las hicieron entrar en el pueblo. A continuación los "soldados salados" se impusieron sobre los guardias y capturaron el pueblo.<ref>Hennes, p. 157.</ref> Algunos de los defensores lograron escapar de Werl. Schenck y sus tropas asolaron el pueblo varias veces, fueron rechazados. WhenCuando theyno couldlogran notcapturar capturela theciudadela well-fortified citadelfortificada, theyse dedicaron a thoroughlysaquear sackedsistemáticamente thela cityciudad, en un intento de desalentar a los ciudadanos de prestar ayuda a los guardias que resistían en la ciudadela.<ref>Hennes, p. 158.</ref>

Inside the fortress Cloedt and Schenck loaded their wagons, this time with all their booty, took 30&nbsp;magistrates as hostages, and attacked Haultpenne's force, killing about 500&nbsp;of them, and losing 200&nbsp;of their own. After fighting their way through Haultpenne's force, they made their way to Kettwick, and crossed the Rhine above Dortmund. Cloedt returnedregresó toa su posición hisde commandcomandante aten Neuss, whichque inpoco a shorttiempo timedespués wasfue [[Destruction of Neuss (July 1586)|surroundedrodeado andy destroyeddestruido]] bypor [[Alexander Farnese, Duke of Parma]]. Schenck to [[Venlo]] onsobre theel Neussrío riverNeuss.<ref>Hennes, p. 159.</ref>

Para Schenck, la batalla, y la campaña en Westfalia, fue un éxito. He entered Westphalia as a soldier of fortune, and he left as a soldier with a fortune. Once he crossed the Rhine, he deposited his fortune and his wife in Venlo, and went to [[Delft]] to report to the [[Philip William, Prince of Orange]]. Alli, [[Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester|Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester]], el Governor-General ingles de los neerlandeses, lo ordenoordenó caballero por orden de [[ElizabethIsabel I]], and presented him with a chain valued at a thousand gold pieces.<ref>[[Ernest Alfred Benians]] ''The Cambridge Modern History,'' New York, MacMillan, 1905, p. 708.</ref>

Para Gebhard, theen 1586especial Battlela ofBatalla de Werl specificallyde 1586, y en general el saqueo de Westfalia, providedno himle withsignificaron noganancias specificespeciales gainspara andsi y al contrario withtuvo somealgunas veryperdidas concretemuy lossesconcretas. Schenck failed to secure any reasonable fortresses for the long-term, which isolated Gebhardt's territories, and his forces, from any possible assistance from the Protestant princes in the east; they would have to fight through the Spanish army to send him any aid. The assets Schenck did acquire were largely plundered from farmers and merchants. Although they enhanced his and his soldiers' resources, they did little for Gebhard's declining financial situation, which, by this point, was in dire straits. Furthermore, little more than a paid brigand, Schenck alienatedalieno thea populationla ofpoblación Westphaliade Westfalia, ifsi notno fromdel Protestantismprotestantismo atpor leastlo frommenos Gebhard'sde causela causa de Gebhard.<ref>Benians p. 708; Hennes, pp. 152&ndash;166.</ref>

In the larger picture of the Cologne War, the failure of the Westphalia campaign and Schenck's retreat from Werl marked the beginning of the end for Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg's tenure as archbishop and prince-elector ofde CologneColonia. Once the Spanish threw their army into the fray, the balance of military force shifted rapidly to the Catholic side. TheLa losspérdida ofdel thearzobispado archbishopric ofde CologneColonia to the Catholic contender, ErnstErnsto ofde BavariaBaviera, resulted in the consolidation of [[Wittelsbach]] authority in northwestern German territories, the [[Jesuit|Jesuit-run]] establishment of a Catholic [[Counter-Reformation]] stronghold on the lower Rhine, andy thela consolidationconsolidacion ofde Spanishlas bridgeheadscabeceras onde thepuente Rhineespañolas riversobre el rio Rin, via which Philip ofde SpainEspaña could assault the Protestant Dutch provinces.<ref>Benians p. 708; {{cite book |title=A History of Modern Germany, The Reformation |last=Holborn |first= Hajo|authorlink=Hajo Holborn |coauthors= |year=1959 |publisher=Princeton University Press |location=Princeton |isbn= |page= |pages=252–246 |url= |accessdate=}}</ref>