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}}</ref> Los considerados privilegiados fueron los nobles (''pillis''), los militares y los sacerdotes (quienes ejercían una fuerte influencia sobre la clase gobernante) y los grandes comerciantes (''pochtecas'').<ref name=Mexica4 /> La clase baja estaba formada por los artesanos, los militares del bajo estrato social y los ''macehuales'', es decir, los campesinos, los cargadores y los esclavos.<ref name=Mexica4 />
== Etimología ==
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[[Archivo:Templo Mayor Tenochtitlan.jpg|thumb|300px|Maqueta del [[Templo Mayor]], centro ceremonial, religioso y civil de México-Tenochtitlan.]]
* '''Tenochtitlan''' (< ''Te-nōch-ti-tlān''): de las palabras ''te''(''tl'') 'piedra', y ''nōch''(''tli'') ([[tuna (fruta)|tuna]]), que integradas a ''-ti'' (estativo) y ''-tlān'' 'lugar en el que abunda..' se construye la palabra 'tunal'. Según ilustra el [[Códice Borgia]], la palabra 'piedra' en este caso significa «corazón de la [[Tierra]]», ya que la forma con la que se representa se asemeja a un corazón humano doble. El nopal, de donde se derivan las tunas, nace directamente de la diosa de la Tierra (''[[Teocalli]]''). Esta representación le da el significado divino a la piedra original.<ref name=Mexica2 />
*'''México''' (< náhuatl ''Mēxihco''): [[Alfonso Caso]] escribió, en algunas páginas acerca de la fundación de Tenochtitlan, que "los aztecas arribaron al lago de la Luna, donde al centro del mismo (Anepantla) había una isla cuyo nombre era México, de ''Metztli'', luna; ''xictli'', ombligo, y ''co'', lugar: El centro del lago de la Luna."(98)
[[Gutierre Tibón]] hace referencia a un pasaje del ensayo de Alfonso Caso "El águila y el nopal":
{{cita|«Tenochtitlan es la ciudad fundada en el centro de Metzilapan, que recuerda a otro lago que circundaba a la isla de [[Aztlán]] (...) la isla llamada México se encontraba allí (...) de ''Metztli'' (luna), ''xictli'' (ombligo, centro) y ''co'' (lugar), dando en su composición 'En el centro de la luna', entonces 'El centro del lago de la luna' era el nombre del gran lago de México.»| (Las cursivas no aparecen en el original.)}}
Sin embargo, esta propuesta de explicación presenta varias dificultades desde el punto de vista etimológico. Ya que ''Mēxihco'' no parece regularmente derivable de los vocablos ''mētz-tli'' 'luna', ''xīc-tli'' 'ombligo, centro', y el morfema locativo ''-co'' 'en, el lugar de', porque las cantidades vocálicas de las vocales largas y breves no coinciden, además de que presenta evoluciones anómalas de las consonantes que cierran la sílaba: Ni la cantidad vocálica de la /ī/ ([[vocal larga]]) de ''xīc-'' 'ombligo' es la misma que en ''Mēxihco'' (vocal breve), ni el [[Oclusiva glotal|saltillo]] ''-h'' que precede al [[caso locativo|locativo]] ''-co'', además la derivación presenta una caída irregular del grupo ''-tz-'' en ''mētz-''.<ref>F. Karttunen, ''An Analitycal Dictionary of [[Náhuatl]]'', University of [[Texas]], Austin, 1983, ISBN 0-8061-2421-0.</ref>
== Historia ==
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