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== Juan Calvino ==
=== Biografía ===
Juan Calvino, nacido como Jean Cauvin en [[Noyon]], [[Picardía]], [[Francia]], era hijo de [[Gérard Cauvin]] y Jeanne Lefranc. Fue excelente en sus estudios y profundamente religioso desde su juventud.<ref name=Hill>Hans J. Hillerbrand, editor, ''The Reformation, A Narrative History Related by Contemporary Observers and Participants''. Baker Book House, Ann Arbor, MI, 1985. pp. 174 (quoting Beza’s ''Life of Calvin''), 169, 274, 203.</ref>
Sus primeros estudios estuvieron destinados a la carrera eclesiástica. Así es que recibió formación inicial en el College de la Marche y en el College de Montaigne. El padre de Calvino era abogado y en [[1523]] envía a su hijo, que por entonces tenía 14 años, a la [[Universidad de París]] a estudiar Humanidades y Derecho. A instancias de su padre, que pretendía que Juan Calvino siguiera el camino de las leyes, se enroló en las universidades de Orleáns y Bourgues. En [[1532]], se doctora en Derecho en [[Orléans]]. Durante su paso por los claustros universitarios tomó contacto con las ideas humanistas y reformadas. En abril de 1532, cuando contaba 22 años de edad, publicó un comentario sobre el ''De Clementia'' de [[Séneca]], trabajo que puso en evidencia sus dotes como pensador. No está claro, del todo, el momento en que Calvino se convierte al protestantismo.
<!------sent his fourteen-year-old son to the [[University of Paris]] to study [[humanities]] and law. By [[1532]], he had attained a [[Doctor of Laws]] degree at [[Orléans]]. It is not clear when Calvin converted to Protestantism, though in the preface to his commentary on Psalms, Calvin said:
<blockquote>''God by a sudden conversion subdued and brought my mind to a teachable frame…. Having thus received some taste and knowledge of true godliness I was immediately inflamed with so intense a desire to make progress therein, that although I did not altogether leave off [legal] studies, I yet pursued them with less ardor.<ref>John Calvin, [http://www.ccel.org/ccel/calvin/calcom08.vi.html ''Commentary on Psalms'' – Volume 1, Author’s Preface]. Christian Classics Ethereal Library, retrieved Nov. 19, 2007''.</ref></blockquote>
His Protestant friends included Nicholas Cop, Rector at the University of Paris. In 1533 Cop gave an address “replete with Protestant ideas,” and “Calvin was probably involved as the writer of that address.”<ref name=Hill/> Cop soon found it necessary to flee Paris, as did Calvin himself a few days after. In [[Angouleme]] he sheltered with a friend, Louis du Tillet. Calvin settled for a time in [[Basel]], where in 1536 he published the first edition of his ''Institutes''.
After a brief and covert return to France in 1536, Calvin was forced to choose an alternate return route in the face of imperial and French forces, thus he passed by Geneva. [[Guillaume Farel]] pleaded with Calvin to stay in Geneva and help the city. Despite a desire to continue his journey, he settled in [[Geneva]]. After being expelled from the city, he served as a pastor in [[Strasbourg]] from 1538 until 1541, before returning to Geneva, where he lived until his death in 1564.
After attaining his degree, John Calvin sought a wife in affirmation of his approval of marriage over [[clerical celibacy]]. In [[1539]], he married [[Idelette de Bure]], a widow, who had a son and daughter from her previous marriage to an [[Anabaptist]] in Strasbourg. Calvin and Idelette had a son who died after only two weeks. Idelette Calvin died in [[1549]]. Calvin wrote that she was a helper in ministry, never stood in his way, never troubled him about her children, and had a greatness of spirit.
Calvin's health began to fail when he suffered [[migraine]]s, [[lung]] [[bleeding|hemorrhages]], [[gout]] and [[kidney stones]], and at times he had to be carried to the pulpit to preach and sometimes gave lectures from his bed.<ref name="131Christians">[http://www.christianitytoday.com/history/special/131christians/calvin.html "John Calvin"] from "131 Christians everyone should know" in ''Christian History & Biography''</ref> According to his successor, influential Calvinist theologian [[Theodore Beza]], Calvin took only one meal a day for a decade, but on the advice of his [[physician]], he ate an [[Egg (food)|egg]] and drank a glass of [[wine]] at noon. His recreation and exercise consisted mainly of a walk after meals. Towards the end, Calvin said to those friends who were worried about his daily regimen of work amidst all his ailments, "What! Would you have the Lord find me idle when He comes?"<ref name="131Christians"/>
John Calvin died in Geneva on [[May 27]], [[1564]]. He was buried in the [[Cimetière des Rois]] under a tombstone marked simply with the initials "J.C.",<ref>[http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=pis&GRid=9979&PIgrid=9979&PIcrid=639472&PIpi=89752&pt=John+Calvin& Find-a-grave]</ref> partially honoring his request that he be buried in an unknown place, without witnesses or ceremony. He is commemorated in the [[Evangelical Lutheran Church in America]]'s [[liturgical calendar]] of [[saint]]s as a [[Renewers of the Church|Renewer of the Church]] on May 27.-------------------->
=== Su conversión ===
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*[http://www.miguelservet.org. Instituto de Estudios Sijenenses "Miguel Servet" / Michael Servetus Institute. Centro de referencia para los estudios servetianos. Institución dedicada al estudio y difusión internacional de la obra y el legado del reformador radical Miguel Servet. Villanueva de Sijena, Huesca, Aragón (España) (Español e Inglés)]
*[http://www.lupaprotestante.com/calvino.html Con motivo del 500 aniversario del nacimiento de Juan Calvino, Ateneo Teológico, Lupa Protestante y el Consell Pastoral de l'Esglesia Evangèlica de Catalunya celebrarán en Barcelona (España) una jornada de reflexión académica sobre la la influencia y actualidad del pensamiento de reformador.]
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