Diferencia entre revisiones de «Magnetismo»

El electromagnetismo continuó desarrollándose en el siglo XX, siendo incorporado en las teorías más fundamentales, como la [[teoría de campo de gauge]], [[electrodinámica cuántica]], [[teoría electrodébil]] y, finalmente, en el [[modelo estándar]].

 

 

=== Magnetismo, electricidad y relatividad especial ===

Certain [[grand unified theories]] predict the existence of monopoles which, unlike elementary particles, are [[solitons]] (localized [[energy]] packets). Using these models to estimate the number of monopoles created in the [[big bang]], the initial results that contradicted cosmological observations---the monopoles would have been so plentiful and massive that they would have long since halted the expansion of the universe. However, the idea of [[Cosmic inflation|inflation]] (for which this problem served as a partial motivation) was successful in solving this problem, creating models in which monopoles existed but were rare enough to be consistent with current observations.<ref>{{cite book |first=Alan|last=Guth|authorlink=Alan Guth|title=The Inflationary Universe: The Quest for a New Theory of Cosmic Origins|id=ISBN 0-201-32840-2|publisher=Perseus|year=1997}}.</ref>

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== Tipos de materiales magnéticos ==