Diferencia entre revisiones de «Variedades de calabazas y zapallos en Argentina»

Dos nombres más pueden ser aplicados, provenientes del intercambio comercial en Norteamérica, los frutos de cuello curvado y normalmente más largo (grupo más antiguo en Estados Unidos<ref group=cita name="butternut waltham robinson" />) los llaman "de tipo '''Crookneck'''"{{refn|group=cita|name=crookneck moschata robinson|Robinson y Decker-Walters (1997<ref name="Robinson y Decker-Walters 1997" />) p. 80: "Three horticultural groupings of ''C. moschata'' cultivars are recognized in the commercial trade of North America: (..…) Crookneck. Fruit round at the blossom end with a long straight or curved neck."}} ("de cuello curvo", no confundir con [[Cucurbita pepo de tipo Crookneck|''Cucurbita pepo'' de tipo Crookneck]]{{refn|group=cita|name=crookneck paris robinson|El autor del nombre, Paris (1986,<ref name="Paris 1986" /> con un criterio de clasificación que se podría resumir como de "tipos reconocibles en el mercado" muy cercano al criterio para clasificar variedades{{refn|group=cita|name=Paris 1986 criterio de clasificacion|Paris (1986<ref name="Paris 1986" />): "The bewildering array of forms of ''C. pepo'' and the lack of barriers to gene exchange among them have hampered recognition of genetic affinities and resulted in no completely satisfactory subspecific botanical, horticultural, or vernacular classification scheme. To quote L. H. Bailey (1929,<ref name="Bailey 1929" /> p. 91): "I hope we may find a way to use the English names with discrimination, and to this end I am in sympathy with the attempt to harmonize them". My objective is to propose a classification of the extant ''C. pepo'' cultivars grown for culinary purposes (squashes and pumpkins) that would simultaneously reflect genetic affinities and be consistent with both professional and popular terminology. Fruit shape as the basis for subspecific classification: Quantitatively inherited characteristics are better indicators of genetic affinities than simply inherited characteristis. Characteristics which are constant throughout development and over a wide range of environmental conditions and cultural practices are more useful tools for classification than characteristics which change during development or whose expression is strongly influenced by environmental or cultural factors. In addition, characteristics useful for classification must be those which are easily observed by those for whom the classification is intended. Fruit shape is the only characteristic of ''C. pepo'' that combines these features; it is quantitatively inherited (Sinnott 1935,<ref name="Sinnott 1935" /> 1936<ref name="Sinnott 1936" />), is relatively constant over a wide range of conditions and during development (Sinnott 1932,<ref name="Sinnott 1932" /> 1936,<ref name="Sinnott 1936" /> Sinnott & Kaiser 1934<ref name="Sinnott y Kaiser 1934" />), and is easily observed by all those concerned with ''C. pepo'', horticulturists and other scientists, growers, produce marketers and the general public alike. Other characteristics, such as fruit size, fruit color, fruit quality, foliage characteristics and allozyme variation, while often associated with particular fruit shapes and some aid in understanding genetic relationships, are not well suited for a universally acceptable classification scheme, as they are either simply inherited, strongly influenced by non-generic variation or developmental age, or not readily observable."}}): "''Cucurbita pepo'' Crookneck Group. Fruits elongate with slim, long, slightly to very curved neck, distal half of fruit broad. Cultivars include: ''Cucurbita pepo'' 'Early Yellow Crookneck', ''Cucurbita pepo'' 'Golden Summer Crookneck'. ''C. pepo'' L. var. ''torticollis'' Alefeld." Si bien la descripción es inamovible{{refn|group=cita|name=art3.5|Código Internacional de Plantas Cultivadas (Brickell et al. 2009<ref name="Brickell et al. 2009" />) "Art. 3.5. When a Group is divided or when two or more Groups are united or when the circumpscription of a Group is otherwise significantly re-defined in such a way that the resulting Group no longer has the same circumpscription a new name must be given for the resulting Group(s). Ex. 11. In the example given above, ''Solanum tuberosum'' Maincrop Group and ''S. tuberosum'' Red-skinned Group may be united to form a re-circumscribed ''Solanum tuberosum'' Maincrop Red-skinned Group. Ex. 12. ''Tulipa'' Dutch Breeders Group and ''T.'' English Breeders Group were united into the newly circumscribed ''T.'' Breeders Group (see J. F. Ch. Dix, ''A classified list of tulip names'' 4, 1958). Ex. 13. Recent breeding programmes in ''Begonia'' have led to the recognition of separate Groups within the existing Elatior Group. In due course these may be given new Group names instead of being referred to the Eliator Group as currently circumscribed. Ex 14. In the 1950s, a number of ''Magnolia'' hybrids were developed by D. T. Gresham and these have been referred to as Gresham Hybrids or as the Gresham Group. The inclusion of these hybrids in such a Group is unsatisfactory, the Group name being merely a statement of origin with individual members not showing characters in common. Two distinct Groups of Gresham's hybrids have, however, been recognized as Svelte Brunette Group and Buxom Nordic Blonde Group, each of which has a distinct set of characteristics (see J. M. Gardiner, ''Magnolias'' 118-120. 1989)".}}, Robinson y Decker-Walters (1997<ref name="Robinson y Decker-Walters 1997" />) p. 78: "For ''C. pepo'', we will use the classification by Paris (1986<ref name="Paris 1986" />), which is based primarily on fruit shape; his groupings of cultivares are: (...) Crookneck. Fruit elongated with a curved neck."}}), y a los de cuello recto y normalmente más corto los llaman "de tipo '''Butternut'''"{{refn|group=cita|name=semiarida pampeana cita1|Lang y Ermini (2011<ref name="semiarida pampeana" />), p.8: "Desde 1965 el INTA, más particularmente la EEA La Consulta del INTA, trabaja en la obtención de variedades nacionales de zapallos tipo "Butternut" o también denominados "Ancos" o "anquitos". Los primeros materiales disponibles fueron de origen extranjero; hoy el INTA cuenta con creaciones como: ''''Paquito INTA'''', ''''Frontera INTA'''', ''''Cuyano INTA'''', ''''Cokena INTA'''', y más recientemente fue inscripto el ''''Dorado INTA-MAPO'''' con principal destino a la producción orgánica.}}<ref group=cita name="Chubut nombres zapallos" /> o menos comúnmente "de tipo Bell"{{refn|group=cita|name=bell robinson|Robinson y Decker-Walters (1997<ref name="Robinson y Decker-Walters 1997" />) p. 80: "Three horticultural groupings of ''C. moschata'' cultivars are recognized in the commercial trade of North America: (...) Bell. Fruit bell-shaped to almost cylindrical."}} ("campana").

En el intercambio comercial en el [[Mercado Central de Buenos Aires]] se diferencia la "calabaza" del "anquito" del "anquito Cokena" llamado también "anco batata".<ref group=cita name="zapallo2013tucuman"/><ref group=nota name="nombre calabaza MCBA" />