Diferencia entre revisiones de «Pueblos escitas»
Contenido eliminado Contenido añadido
Línea 131:
=== Jotán y los reinos de la cuenca del Tarim ===
{{AP|Reino
Los saka migraron desde [[Bactria]] donde con el tiempo asentaron en algunos de las ciudades estados oasis de la cuenca del Tarim que a veces [[
<!--The official administrative language of Khotan and nearby [[Shanshan]] was [[Gāndhārī language|Gandhari Prakrit]] in the [[Kharosthi]] script.<ref name="emmerick 2003 p265">Emmerick, R. E. (2003) "Iranian Settlement East of the Pamirs", in Ehsan Yarshater (ed), ''The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol III: The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian Periods'', Part 1 (reprint edition) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 265.</ref> There are however indications that Sakas were linked to the ruling elite – 3rd-century documents from Shanshan record the title of the king of Khotan as ''hinajha'' (i.e. "generalissimo"), an Iranian-based word equivalent to the [[Sanskrit]] title ''[[senapati]]'', yet nearly identical to the Khotanese Saka ''hīnāysa'' attested in later documents.<ref name="emmerick 2003 p265" /> The regnal periods were also given in Khotanese as ''kṣuṇa'', "implies an established connection between the Iranian inhabitants and the royal power," according to the late Professor of Iranian Studies Ronald E. Emmerick (d. 2001).<ref name="emmerick 2003 p265" /> He contended that Khotanese-Saka-language royal rescripts of Khotan dated to the 10th century "makes it likely that the ruler of Khotan was a speaker of [[Iranian languages|Iranian]]."<ref name="emmerick 2003 p265" /> Furthermore, he argued that the oldest form of the name of Khotan, ''hvatana'', may be linked semantically with the name Saka.<ref>Emmerick, R. E. (2003) "Iranian Settlement East of the Pamirs", in Ehsan Yarshater (ed), ''The Cambridge History of Iran, Vol III: The Seleucid, Parthian, and Sasanian Periods'', Part 1 (reprint edition) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp 265–266.</ref>
During China's [[Tang dynasty]] (618–907 AD), the region once again came under Chinese [[suzerainty]] with the campaigns of conquest by [[Emperor Taizong of Tang]] (r. 626–649).<ref>Xue, Zongzheng (薛宗正). (1992). History of the Turks (突厥史). Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe, p. 596-598. {{ISBN|978-7-5004-0432-3}}; {{OCLC|28622013}}</ref> From the late 8th to 9th centuries, the region changed hands between the Chinese Tang Empire and the rival [[Tibetan Empire]].<ref>Beckwith, Christopher. (1987). The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp 36, 146. {{ISBN|0-691-05494-0}}.</ref><ref>Wechsler, Howard J.; Twitchett, Dennis C. (1979). Denis C. Twitchett; John K. Fairbank, eds. ''The Cambridge History of China, Volume 3: Sui and T'ang China, 589–906, Part I''. Cambridge University Press. pp. 225–227. {{ISBN|978-0-521-21446-9}}.</ref> The kingdom existed until it was conquered by the Muslim [[Turkic peoples]] of the [[Kara-Khanid Khanate]], which led to both the [[Turkification]] and [[Islamisation]] of the region.<ref>Scott Cameron Levi; Ron Sela (2010). ''Islamic Central Asia: An Anthology of Historical Sources''. Indiana University Press. pp. 72–. {{ISBN|0-253-35385-8}}.</ref><ref>Ahmad Hasan Dani; B. A. Litvinsky; Unesco (1 January 1996). ''History of Civilizations of Central Asia: The crossroads of civilizations, A.D. 250 to 750''. UNESCO. pp. 283–. {{ISBN|978-92-3-103211-0}}.</ref>-->
| |||