Diferencia entre revisiones de «Homosexualidad»

Es difícil para los investigadores estimar de manera fiable el porcentaje de la población homosexual o la proporción de personas que tienen experiencias homosexuales por distintas razones, fundamentalmente que muchos homosexuales no se identifican abiertamente como tales debido a la [[homofobia]].<ref name="levay">[[Simon LeVay|LeVay, Simon]] (1996). ''[http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/books/chap1/queerscience.htm Queer Science: The Use and Abuse of Research into Homosexuality].'' Cambridge: The [[MIT Press]] ISBN 0-262-12199-9</ref> No hay [[consenso]] en la comunidad científica en torno a las causas concretas por las que un individuo desarrolla una orientación sexual [[heterosexual]], [[bisexual]] o homosexual.<ref name="apahelp" /><ref name="Frankowski">{{Cita publicación |doi=10.1542/peds.113.6.1827 |autor=Frankowski BL |autor2=American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Adolescence |título=Sexual orientation and adolescents |publicación=[[Pediatrics (journal)|Pediatrics]] |volumen=113 |número=6 |páginas=1827-32 |fecha=junio de 2004|pmid=15173519 |url=http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/113/6/1827.long}}</ref><ref name="rcp2007">{{Cita web |url=http://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/workinpsychiatry/specialinterestgroups/gaylesbian/submissiontothecofe.aspx |título=Submission to the Church of England's Listening Exercise on Human Sexuality |editorial=The Royal College of Psychiatrists |fechaacceso=13 de junio de 2013}}</ref><ref name="Långström2010">{{Cita publicación |apellido1= Långström |nombre1= N. |apellido2= Rahman |nombre2= Q. |apellido3= Carlström |nombre3= E. |apellido4= Lichtenstein |nombre4= P. |título= Genetic and Environmental Effects on Same-sex Sexual Behavior: A Population Study of Twins in Sweden |doi= 10.1007/s10508-008-9386-1 |publicación= Archives of Sexual Behavior |volumen= 39 |número= 1 |páginas= 75-80 |año= 2008 | pmid = 18536986}}</ref> La ciencia tiende a favorecer modelos biológicos, pero el consenso científico es que no hay un único factor que explique el desarrollo de la orientación sexual. La orientación sexual se determina por una compleja interacción de factores biológicos y ambientales y queda determinada a una edad muy temprana, muy anterior a la [[pubertad]].<ref name="Lamanna">{{cite book|first1=Mary Ann |last1=Lamanna |first2=Agnes |last2=Riedmann |first3=Susan D |last3=Stewart|title=Marriages, Families, and Relationships: Making Choices in a Diverse Society|publisher=[[Cengage Learning]]|isbn=978-1-305-17689-8|year=2014|page=82|accessdate=February 11, 2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fofaAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA82|quote=The reason some individuals develop a gay sexual identity has not been definitively established &nbsp;– nor do we yet understand the development of heterosexuality. The American Psychological Association (APA) takes the position that a variety of factors impact a person's sexuality. The most recent literature from the APA says that sexual orientation is not a choice that can be changed at will, and that sexual orientation is most likely the result of a complex interaction of environmental, cognitive and biological factors...is shaped at an early age...[and evidence suggests] biological, including genetic or inborn hormonal factors, play a significant role in a person's sexuality (American Psychological Association 2010).}}</ref><ref name="Stuart">{{cite book|author=Gail Wiscarz Stuart|title=Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing|publisher=[[Elsevier Health Sciences]]|isbn=978-0-323-29412-6|year=2014|page=502|accessdate=February 11, 2016|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ivALBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA502|quote=No conclusive evidence supports any one specific cause of homosexuality; however, most researchers agree that biological and social factors influence the development of sexual orientation.}}</ref> Sin embargo, hay más pruebas de que la orientación sexual es causas por factores biológicos y no ambientales o sociales, especialmente en la homosexualidad masculina.<ref name="Bailey">{{cite journal|last1=Bailey|first1=J. Michael|last2=Vasey|first2=Paul|last3=Diamond|first3=Lisa|last4=Breedlove|first4=S. Marc|last5=Vilain|first5=Eric|last6=Epprecht|first6=Marc|title=Sexual Orientation, Controversy, and Science|journal=Psychological Science in the Public Interest|date=2016|volume=17|issue=2|pages=45–101|doi=10.1177/1529100616637616|pmid=27113562|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301639075}}</ref><ref name=LeVay>{{cite book |last=LeVay |first=Simon |date=2017 |title=Gay, Straight, and the Reason Why: The Science of Sexual Orientation |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HmQFFfa03nkC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199752966 }}</ref><ref name=Balthazart>{{cite book |last=Balthazart |first=Jacques |date=2012 |title=The Biology of Homosexuality |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3fjGjlcVINkC&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=9780199838820 }}</ref>

 

 

El comportamiento homosexual [[Homosexualidad en animales|ha sido observado en cientos de especies animales]], especialmente en [[mamífero]]s y [[ave]]s.<ref>{{Cita web |url=http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/06/090616122106.htm |título=Same-sex Behavior Seen In Nearly All Animals, Review Finds |obra=ScienceDaily}}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20110210172226/http://www.news-medical.net/news/2006/10/23/20718.aspx ''1,500 animal species practice homosexuality''. ''The Medical News'', 23 October 2006]</ref><ref>Sommer, Volker & Paul L. Vasey (2006), Homosexual Behaviour in Animals, An Evolutionary Perspective. [[Cambridge University Press]], Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-86446-1</ref><ref name="Bagemihl">{{harv|Bagemihl|1999}}</ref><ref name="Biological Exuberance: Animal">{{Cita web