Diferencia entre revisiones de «Hombre salvaje»
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[[Image:Wappen Deutsches Reich - Königreich Preussen (Grosses).png|thumb|200px|Gran [[Escudo (heráldica)|escudo]] de [[Prusia]], 1873]]
El '''hombre salvaje''' o '''ser de los bosques''' es una figura mitológica que aparece en obras de arte y literatura medieval europea. Existen imágenes talladas y pintadas de hombres salvajes en los rosetones del techo donde las [[bóveda]]s se encuentran con los [[Arco conopial|arcos conopiales]] en la [[Catedral de Canterbury]], en situaciones en los cuales es posible que se encuentre al [[Green Man]] vegetal. El hombre salvaje, ''piloso'' o "cubierto de pelos," que está a menudo armado con un garrote, era un puente entre los humanos civilizados y los peligrosos espíritus tipo [[elfo]] de los bosques, tales como [[Puck (mitología)|Puck]]. La imagen del hombre salvaje sobrevivió como elemento de la [[heráldica]] de los [[Escudo (heráldica)|escudos]], especialmentre en Alemania, hasta bien entrado el [[siglo XVI]]. Los hombres salvajes, mujeres salvajes y familias salvajes eran temas predilectos de los primeros grabadores en Alemania e Italia, tales como [[Martin Schongauer]] y [[Alberto Durero]].
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"Wild man" and its cognates is the common term for the creature in most languages;<ref name="Bernheimer42">Bernheimer, p. 42.</ref> it appears in [[German language|German]] as ''wilder mann'', and in [[French language|French]] as ''homme sauvage'' and [[Italian language|Italian]] as ''huomo selvatico''.<ref>Bernheimer, p. 20.</ref> A number of local forms also exist, including the [[Old English]] ''wudewasa'' and the [[Middle English]] ''wodewose'' or ''woodehouse''.<ref name="Bernheimer42"/> These English terms suggest a connection to the woods and remain present in Modern English, for instance in the name of the author [[P. G. Wodehouse]]. ''Wodwo'' appears (as ''wodwos'', perhaps the plural) in the 14th-century poem ''[[Sir Gawain and the Green Knight]]''.<ref>http://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/poem/62.html Representative Poetry Online, ANONYMOUS (1100-1945), ''Sir Gawain and the Green Knight'', line 720</ref> [[Old High German]] had ''schrat'', ''scrato'' or ''scrazo'', which appear in glosses of Latin works as translations for ''fauni'', ''silvestres'', or ''pilosi'', indicating that the creature named was a hairy woodland being.<ref name="Bernheimer42"/>▼
==Terminología==
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Some of the local names suggest connections with beings from ancient mythology, for instance the term ''salvan'' or ''salvang'', common in [[Lombardy]] and the Italian-speaking parts of the [[Alps]], which derives from the [[Latin]] ''[[Silvanus (mythology)|silvanus]]'', the name of the Roman tutelary god of gardens and the countryside.<ref name="Bernheimer42"/> Similarly, folklore in [[History of Tyrol|Tyrol]] and German-speaking [[Switzerland]] into the 20th century included a wild woman known as ''Fange'' or ''Fanke'', which derives from the [[Latin]] ''[[Fauna (goddess)|fauna]]'', the feminine form of ''[[faun]]''.<ref name="Bernheimer42"/> Medieval German sources give as names for the wild woman ''[[lamia (mythology)|lamia]]'' and ''holzmoia'' (or some variation);<ref>Bernheimer, p. 35.</ref> the former clearly refers to the Greek wilderness demon Lamia while the latter derives ultimately from [[Maia (mythology)|Maia]], a Greco-Roman earth and fertility goddess who is elsewhere identified with Fauna and who exerted a wide influence on medieval wild man lore.<ref name="Bernheimer42"/>
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