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== Terminología ==
"Hombre salvaje" y términos derivados es el término que se utiliza para esta criatura en muchos idiomas;<ref name="Bernheimer42">Bernheimer, p. 42.</ref> en inglés es "wild man", en alemán ''wilder mann'', y en francés es ''homme sauvage'' mientras que en italiano aparece mencionado como ''huomo selvatico''.<ref>Bernheimer, p. 20.</ref> Existen algunas variantes o formas locales, incluyendo en [[
Algunos de los nombres locales sugieren conexiones con seres de mitologías antiguas, por ejemplo el término ''salvan'' o ''salvang'', común en la [[Lombardía]] y zonas de habla italiana de los [[Alpes]], proviene del término latino ''[[Silvanus (mythology)|silvanus]]'', el nombre del dios tutelar romano de los jardines y el campo.<ref name="Bernheimer42"/> En forma similar, en el folklore del [[Historia del Tirol|Tirol]] y la zona de habla alemana de [[Suiza]] se menciona una mujer salvaje llamada ''Fange'' o ''Fanke'', que se deriva de la palabra en [[Latin]] ''[[Fauna (goddess)|fauna]]'', la forma femenina de ''[[fauno]]''.<ref name="Bernheimer42"/> Fuentes medievales alemanas mencionan los siguientes nombres para la mujer salvaje ''[[lamia (mythology)|lamia]]'' y ''holzmoia'' (o alguna variación de las mismas);<ref>Bernheimer, p. 35.</ref> el primero en clara referencia al demonio salvaje griego Lamia mientra que el otro calificativo se deriva de [[Maia (mitología)|Maia]], una diosa Greco-Romana de la tierra y la fertilidad que en otras zonas es identificada como Fauna y que ejerció una amplia influencia en el hombre salvaje medieval.<ref name="Bernheimer42"/>
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▲Various languages and traditions include names suggesting affinities with [[Orcus]], a [[Roman mythology|Roman]] and Italic god of death.<ref name="Bernheimer42"/> For many years people in Tyrol called the wild man ''[[Ork (folklore)|Orke]]'', ''Lorke'', or ''Noerglein'', while in parts of Italy he was the ''orco'' or ''huorco''.<ref name="Bernheimer4243">Berheimer, pp. 42–43.</ref> The French [[ogre]] has the same derivation,<ref name="Bernheimer4243"/> as do modern literary [[orc]]s.<ref>{{ME-ref|XI|p. 391}}</ref> Importantly, Orcus is associated with Maia in a dance celebrated late enough to be condemned in a 9th- or 10th-century Spanish [[penitential]].<ref name="Bernheimer43">Bernheimer, p. 43.</ref>
==Características==
As the name implies, the key characteristic of the wild man is his [[wildness]]. Wild men were seen as beings of the wilderness, and as such represented the antithesis of [[civilization]]. Scholar Dorothy Yamamoto has noted that the "wilderness" inhabited by the wild man does not truly indicate a place totally beyond human reach, but rather the liminal zone at edge of civilization, the place inhabited by hunters, criminals, religious hermits, herdsmen, and others who frequent the margins of human activity.<ref>Yamamoto, pp. 150–151.</ref>
Other characteristics developed or transmuted in different contexts. From the earliest times wild men were associated with hairiness; by the 12th century they were almost invariably described as having a coat of hair covering their entire bodies except for their hands, feet, faces above their long beards, and the breasts and chins of the females.<ref>Yamamoto, p. 145; 163.</ref>
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Figures similar to the European wild man are ancient and occur worldwide. The earliest known one is the character [[Enkidu]] in the [[Ancient Mesopotamia]]n ''[[Epic of Gilgamesh]]''.<ref>Bernheimer, p. 3.</ref> In ''Gilgamesh'' the hairy, feral Enkidu is raised by the creatures of the wilderness, ignorant of civilization and other humans. Once he sleeps with the [[Religious prostitution|temple prostitute]] [[Shamat]] he is abandoned by his animal companions and becomes civilized by further contact with humanity. One ancient representation of a wild human that greatly influenced the medieval European concepts was the portrayal of [[Nebuchadnezzar II]] in the [[Book of Daniel]] in the [[Hebrew Bible]].<ref>Bernheimer, p. 12.</ref> Daniel 4 depicts God humbling the [[Babylon]]ian king for his boastfulness; he is stricken mad and is ejected from human society, and he grows hair on his body and lives like a beast. This image was popular in medieval depictions of Nebuchadnezzar. Similarly, late medieval legends of [[John Chrysostom]] portray the saint's asceticism as making him so isolated and feral that hunters who capture him cannot tell if he is man or beast.<ref>Bernheimer, p. 17.</ref>
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