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'''Flora Purim''' ([[Río de Janeiro]], [[6 de marzo]] de [[1942]]) es una cantante brasileña de [[jazz]] especializada en el [[jazz rock]], estilo en el que se dio a conocer a raíz de su participación en el importante disco de [[Chick Corea]] ''[[Return to Forever]]''. Ha grabado y tocado con numerosos artistas relevantes del panorama jazzístico, como [[Stanley Clarke]], [[Dizzy Gillespie]], [[Gil Evans]], [[Stan Getz]], el [[Grateful Dead]], [[Carlos Santana|Santana]], [[Jaco Pastorius]] y su marido [[Airto Moreira]].
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==Biography==
Purim's parents were both [[classical music]]ians, her Russian father on violin and her mother on piano [http://www.sescsp.org.br/sesc/revistas/subindex.cfm?paramend=1&IDCategoria=2364]. Flora discovered American [[jazz]] when her mother played it while her husband was out of the house.<ref name="Melt2000">[http://www.melt2000.com/page.html?chapter=0&id=28 Melt2000: Flora Purim (bio)]</ref>
:"She would bring home those 78 vinyl RPMs and when my father was at work, she would play them. That was how I got exposed to jazz music. Basically listening to [[Dinah Washington]], [[Billie Holiday]], and [[Frank Sinatra]]. But also a lot of piano players, such as [[Bill Evans]], [[Oscar Peterson]] and [[Errol Garner]], those were my mother's favorites."<ref name="jazzreview">[http://www.jazzreview.com/articleprint.cfm?ID=1202 Beatrice Richardson for Jazz Review interviews Flora Purim - Queen of Brazilian Jazz]</ref>
Purim began her career in Brazil during the early 1960s. During this period, she made a recording, titled "Flora M.P.B.", in which she sang [[bossa nova]] standards of the day by [[Carlos Lyra]] and [[Roberto Menescal]].<ref name="return">[http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5000091447 The Queen of Fusion Returns, by Mark Holston for Americas (magazine) Volume: 53. Issue: 4. Publication Date: July 2001. Page Number: 60. COPYRIGHT 2001 Organization of American States; COPYRIGHT 2002 Gale Group]</ref> Later in the 1960s, Purim was lead singer for the Quarteto Novo, led by [[Hermeto Pascoal]] and [[Airto Moreira]]<ref name="Melt2000" />.
While in her twenties, Purim mixed jazz with radical protest songs to defy the repressive Brazilian government of the day.<ref name="Melt2000" /> A 1964 [[military coup]] in Brazil led to censorship of song lyrics, and she later commented about this period of her life as follows: "I wanted to leave Brazil. There's a river there called the San Francisco River. I used to sing to the river, that, as it flowed out to the ocean, it would take me to America."<ref name="berkeley" />
Shortly before leaving Brazil, Purim and [[Airto Moreira]] married. The resulting musical as well as personal relationship is now in its fifth decade. Around 1971, their daughter [[Diana Booker|Diana]] was born. In 1998, Diana married Krishna Booker, son of jazz bassist [[Walter Booker]], nephew of saxophonist [[Wayne Shorter]] and godson of pianist [[Herbie Hancock]].<ref name="booker">[http://www.lamusicacademy.com/departments/vocals/instructors.asp LA Music Academy instructors]</ref>
Diana later described life with her parents as "[growing] up on the road traveling the world like a gypsy".<ref name="booker" />
Arriving in [[New York]] in 1967<ref name="bio">[http://www.florapurim.com/bio.htm Flora's Bio]</ref>, Purim and Moreira became immersed in the emerging Electric Jazz. They toured Europe with [[Stan Getz]] and [[Gil Evans]].<ref name="Melt2000" /> In 1972, alongside [[Stanley Clarke]] and [[Joe Farrell]], they were, for the first two albums, members of [[Chick Corea]]'s fusion band [[Return to Forever]]. In 1973 Purim released her first solo album in the United States ''Butterfly Dreams''. It was well received, and soon thereafter ''Down Beat'''s reader's poll chose her as one of the top five jazz singers. Purim also worked with [[Carlos Santana]] y [[Mickey Hart]] at outdoor festivals, and on jazz and classical albums<ref name="Melt2000" /> through the 1970s. In the early 1970s, Purim was arrested and briefly incarcerated for cocaine possession.<ref name="return" />
Throughout the 1970s, Purim released a string of albums for the [[Milestone Records]] label.
She and her husband Airto were also involved with the Uruguayan band "Opa" (which means "hi", but just in Uruguay), Flora collaborated in vocals in the band's second album "Magic Time", and in return, Opa played in "Corre Niña" in Flora's album "Nothing Will Be...".
In the 1980s Purim toured with [[Dizzy Gillespie]]'s United Nations Orchestra culminating with Gillespie's Grammy winning album "United Nations Orchestra" released in 1992, and then in the 1990s sang on Grammy winning album for Mickey Hart, the former [[Grateful Dead]] drummer. Later in the 1990s Purim released her own album and world tour "Speed of Light" starting with a month at [[Soho]]'s [[Ronnie Scott's Jazz Club]] with a new band with contributions from [[Billy Cobham]], [[Freddie Ravel]], [[George Duke]], [[David Zeiher]], [[Walfredo Reyes]], [[Alphonso Johnson]], [[Changuito]], [[Freddie Santiago]], and [[Giovanni Hidalgo]], with important writing and performing contributions from [[Chill Factor]] and her daughter Diana.<ref name="bio" /> The new [[millennium]] saw the release of two recordings, ''Perpetual emotion'' and a crossover homage to one of Brazil's great composers, ''Flora sings [[Milton Nascimento]]''. In 2005, she reunited with her old Return to Forever bandleader, Chick Corea.<ref name="mandomix">[http://flora_purim.mondomix.com/en/portrait2864.htm Mondomix - Amérique Latine > Brazil > Flora Purim, Portrait of]</ref> As of 2007, Purim is still actively touring, performing in [[Ankara]], [[Istanbul]], [[Manila]], and [[Jakarta]]. <ref>[http://www.florapurim.com/tour.htm Flora Purim, Airto Moreira and Band: Tour Info]</ref>
Through the 1990s, Purim worked on a number of broader projects. One of such was a heavy Latin jazz group called "Fourth World", which in addition to herself consisted of her husband Airto Moreira, Gary Meek, Gary Brown, Jose Neto and Jovino Santos Neto. They would release a number of albums and 12" singles; "Fourth World", "Encounters With The Fourth World", "Last Journey" and an album featuring remixes to their songs by several popular electronic DJ's from around the world called "Return Journey". The band's last album release was in 2000.
One of Purim's major musical influences is the Brazilian [[Hermeto Pascoal]].<ref>[http://www.florapurim.com/stories.htm Stories to Tell, My Greatest Creative Influences]</ref> She has said that Pascoal "play<nowiki>[ed]</nowiki> the Hammond B3 organ, flute, saxophone, percussion, and guitar. He is one of the most complete musicians that I ever met." He also helped train her voice.<ref name="Melt2000" /> She also owes a great debt to [[Chick Corea]], discovering the [[fusion jazz]] style for which she is best known when Corea asked her to add vocals to some recordings of his compositions.<ref name="jazzreview" />
Purim has a rare six octave voice, a faculty she shares with [[Mariah Carey]]<ref>[http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4161/is_20020127/ai_n9710211 ''Mariah's Hideaway'' Sunday Mirror, [[27 January]] 2002 by Richard Beetham]</ref>, [[Bobby Brown]]<ref>[http://www.thesoundprojector.com/exc_sp1_american.html#Brown The Sound Projector, 1st Issue, Section: American Monsters Avant-garde geniuses of the USA, The Enlightening Beam of Axonda]</ref>, [[Yma Sumac]], and [[Taborah Johnson]].<ref>[http://www.taborah.com/press_room.html Taborah Johnson Press Releases]</ref> Her vocal style is influenced by [[Sarah Vaughan]] and [[Ella Fitzgerald]]<ref name="mandomix" /> which drifts from lyrics to wordlessness without ever losing touch with the melody and rhythm.<ref name="Melt2000" /> She expanded her vocal repertoire during early tours with [[Gil Evans]].<ref name ="Melt2000" /> While touring the world for three years with Gillespie's United Nations Orchestra in the 1980s, she broadened her repertoire to include traditional mainstream jazz, [[bebop]], and doing numbers in 4/4 time instead of the traditional Brazilian 2/4 beat.<ref name="jazzreview" />
Purim has confided that in recent decades "There are two albums that are at my bedside. They are "Miles Ahead", the first collaboration between [[Miles Davis]] and [[Gil Evans]] and "Blow by Blow", by Jeff Beck. They are with me every night."<ref name="return" />
==Faith==
Purim's mother is Brazilian. Her father is a Ukrainian<ref name ="Melt2000" /> who emigrated to Brazil via Russia.<ref name="bio" /> [[Purim]] is also the name of the annual Jewish festival commemorating the deliverance of the Jews from a [[Babylon]]ian plot to exterminate them, as recorded in the [[Biblical]] Book of [[Esther]]. Hence Flora Purim presumably has [[Jewish]] ancestry through her father. She also adheres to the [[Bahá'í Faith]]<ref name ="Melt2000" /> thanks in large part to [[Dizzy Gillespie]]. In 2002, Purim said that Gillespie (who died in 1993) is
:"...still a part of my life. If you ever come to my house, there are pictures of him all over my walls... <nowiki>[While touring]</nowiki> he would sit in the back of the bus with me for several hours telling life stories about his family and things that happened to him. He took the time to sit with me and show me with his hands where one was, so if I ever wanted to go into another level of jazz positions I could go into it. I loved him not just for that, but I loved him also because he gave me a lot of insight and spirituality, he even gave me his praying book... One day, when we were on the airplane going to Australia, he said to me, "I want you to have this." Then I said to him, "If you give me your praying book how are you going to pray?" He told me he knew every prayer in the book by memory. I didn't believe it. So he challenged me to open the book on any page and ask him to tell me the prayer of the page. So I opened the book and he asked me what prayer was that, and I said the Traveler's Prayer. He asked me which number it was, and then I told him it was the number 3, and he recited the entire prayer. I quizzed him on another prayer and again he blew me away. He knew every single prayer of that book. So I asked him what was his religion and he told me he had been a Bahá'í for thirty years. I asked him what was the philosophy of Bahá'í religion and he said among other things, is the oneness of mankind, universal peace upheld by a world government, equality between men and women, mandatory education for all children of the world and a spiritual solution to the economic power. I was impressed."<ref name="jazzreview" />
==Awards==
[[Image:Airto, Flora, Hermeto.jpg|200px|thumb|With Airto and Hermeto.]]
* 4-time winner [[Down Beat Magazine]]'s Best Female Jazz Vocalist<ref name="berkeley">[http://www.berkeleyagency.com/html/flora.html Flora Purim and Airto, Berkeley Agency]</ref>
* 2-time [[Grammy Nominees|Grammy nominee]] for Best Female Jazz Performance<ref name="berkeley" />
* Performed on 2 Grammy-winning albums - <ref name="berkeley" />
**Gillespie's ''United Nations Orchestra'' (Best Jazz Album)
**Hart's ''[[Planet Drum (album)|Planet Drum]]'' (Best World Music Album)
* In September 2002, Brazil's President [[Fernando Henrique Cardoso]] named Purim and Moreira to the "Order of Rio Branco", one of Brazil's highest honors for those who have significantly contributed to the promotion of Brazil's international relations.<ref name="bio" />
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== Discografía ==
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