Diferencia entre revisiones de «Retaguardia»
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Línea 5:
El término retaguardia se originó de la costumbre medieval de dividir un ejército en en tres ''batallas''ó ''guardias'': van, principal ó media y trasera.<ref>{{cite book |title=Soldiers Lives through History: The Middle Ages |last=Rogers |first= Clifford|authorlink= Clifford Rogers |year=2007 |publisher=Greenwood |location= Westport|isbn=9780313333507 |page= 73}}(''en inglés'')</ref> La guardia trasera usualmente seguía a las otras guardias durante la marcha y durante la batalla usualmente formaban la parte mas atrás de la formación sí se desplegaban en [[columnas]] ó hacia mano izquierda sí se desplegaban en [[línea]].
==Uso durante el siglo veinte==
===Durante el [[blitzkrieg]] ===
Durante el período de entre-guerras, los comandantes alemanes (en particular [[Heinz Guderian]]) desarrollaron la doctrina de el ''[[blitzkrieg]]''. En esta doctrina militar, las tropas de '''retaguardia'''(principalmente infantería desmontada) eran asignadas a eliminar los remanentes del enemigo después que las tropas [[Panzer]] y motorizadas rompían a través de posiciones enemigas.
===Doctrina Soviética ===
During and after [[World War II]] the Soviets developed the doctrine of the [[Echelon formation|echelons]], influenced by blitzkrieg.
In spite of sending all the troops to the attack, they divided the force in various parts according to the mission: for example, in a [[Division (military)|division]]-launched attack, one [[regiment]] could overrun enemy defenses, the second could have exploited the breech and the third (the rear guard troops) could have mopped up the enemy pockets of resistance and guard the supply lines.
For example, in an hypothetical attack on [[NATO]] lines during the [[Cold War]], the [[Red Army]] had created the [[operational manoeuvre group]]s, [[corps]]-sized units (in general 5 or 6 tank or mechanized divisions) that had to exploit the success of an attack of the [[Shock Army|shock army]] creating the chaos behind Western lines, leaving disorganized enemy troops to be cleared off.
To counter the operative maneuvre groups, NATO created a lot of quickly deployable units (the bulk of NATO special forces).
Rear guard troops can also be troops that protect the withdrawal of an army, blocking the enemy advance.
==References==
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