Diferencia entre revisiones de «Mini calabazas y zapallos decorativos»

La siguiente es una presentación de las '''mini calabazas y zapallos decorativos'''.

Se pueden dividir en dos grupos, las variedades de Halloween "mini", que son parecidas a las calabazas de Halloween y se consumen en esa fecha; y las variedades de cáscara dura y pulpa no comestible, de colores y formas llamativos para uso decorativo durante el año. Los dos grupos pertenecen a ''Cucurbita pepo''. Una única variedad decorativa y también comestible de "mini Turbante" pertenece a ''Cucurbita maxima'',<ref name="small gourds congreso horticultura" />, especie de la que últimamente se propusieron variedades decorativas pequeñas de morfología variada.<ref name="small gourds congreso horticultura" />

Lecturas sobre variedades decorativas de ''Cucurbita pepo'' se encuentran en Bailey 1937,<ref name="Bailey 1937" />, Hutchins y Sando 1941 <ref name="Hutchins y Sando 1941" /> (citados en Whitaker y Bohn 1950<ref name="Whitaker y Bohn 1950" />).

Archivo:Cucurbita pepo mini baby miniature pumpkins edible small gourds different colors.jpg|''Cucurbita pepo'' tipo "mini pumpkin" o "baby pumpkin" o "miniature pumpkin", comestibles, pequeños, se ven como lámparas de Halloween pero son mucho más pequeños, populares desde la década de 1990.{{refn|group=cita|name=miniature pumpkins robinson|Robinson y Decker-Walters (1997<ref name="Robinson y Decker-Walters 1997" />) p. 79: "Miniature pumpkins of ''Cucurbita pepo'' (e.g. 'Jack Be Little', 'Munchkin', and 'Baby Bear'), with fruits looking like 'Jack O'Lantern' but much smaller, have become popular in recent years. They are used for decoration and are edible as well."}} Los hay naranjas, blancos, amarillos o alguna combinación de ellos, con bandas o sin bandas, y también pueden tener manchas verdes o ser enteramente verdes. 'Jack Be Little', 'Munchkin', 'Baby Bear' son ejemplos de cultivares.<ref group="cita" name="miniature pumpkins robinson" />. Pertenecen al grupo de cultivares ''Cucurbita pepo'' Grupo Pumpkin ya que se ajustan a la descripción formal (inamovible{{refn|group=cita|name=art3.5|Código Internacional de Plantas Cultivadas (Brickell et al. 2009<ref name="Brickell et al. 2009" />) "Art. 3.5. When a Group is divided or when two or more Groups are united or when the circumpscription of a Group is otherwise significantly re-defined in such a way that the resulting Group no longer has the same circumpscription a new name must be given for the resulting Group(s). Ex. 11. In the example given above, ''Solanum tuberosum'' Maincrop Group and ''S. tuberosum'' Red-skinned Group may be united to form a re-circumscribed ''Solanum tuberosum'' Maincrop Red-skinned Group. Ex. 12. ''Tulipa'' Dutch Breeders Group and ''T.'' English Breeders Group were united into the newly circumscribed ''T.'' Breeders Group (see J. F. Ch. Dix, ''A classified list of tulip names'' 4, 1958). Ex. 13. Recent breeding programmes in ''Begonia'' have led to the recognition of separate Groups within the existing Elatior Group. In due course these may be given new Group names instead of being referred to the Eliator Group as currently circumscribed. Ex 14. In the 1950s, a number of ''Magnolia'' hybrids were developed by D. T. Gresham and these have been referred to as Gresham Hybrids or as the Gresham Group. The inclusion of these hybrids in such a Group is unsatisfactory, the Group name being merely a statement of origin with individual members not showing characters in common. Two distinct Groups of Gresham's hybrids have, however, been recognized as Svelte Brunette Group and Buxom Nordic Blonde Group, each of which has a distinct set of characteristics (see J. M. Gardiner, ''Magnolias'' 118-120. 1989)".}}) del grupo: "''Cucurbita pepo'' de frutos esféricos, oblados u ovalados, redondos o aplanados en los extremos".{{refn|group=cita|name=pumpkin paris robinson|El autor del nombre, Paris (1986<ref name="Paris 1986" />): "1. ''Cucurbita pepo'' Pumpkin Group. Fruits spherical, oblate or oval, round or flattened at ends. Cultivars include: ''C. pepo'' 'Connecticut Field', ''C. pepo'' 'Jack O'Lantern', ''C. pepo'' 'Small Sugar', ''C. pepo'' 'Spookie'. ''C. pepo'' L. var. ''pepo'' Bailey." Si bien la descripción es inamovible,<ref group=cita name="art3.5" />, Robinson y Decker-Walters (1997<ref name="Robinson y Decker-Walters 1997" />) p. 78: "For ''Cucurbita pepo'', we will use the classification by Paris (1986), which is based primarily on fruit shape; his groupings of cultivares are: (...) Pumpkin: Fruit orange, round or oval."}} Son utilizados como decoración en Halloween, fecha para la que pueden convertirse en pequeñitas lámparas de Halloween esculpidas con dificultad debido al tamaño, o pueden dibujárseles caritas con marcador, o pueden ser consumidos en comidas de Halloween (por ejemplo rellenos), son "los preferidos de los más chicos".<ref>Victoriana Nursery Gardens. Pumpkin Seed 'Jack Be Little'. http://www.victoriananursery.co.uk/Pumpkin_Seed_Jack_Be_Little/</ref> Paris (1989<ref name="Paris 1989" />) llama a 'Little Gem' un "miniature pumpkin" debido al tamaño{{refn|group=cita|name="rare pumpkins Paris 1989"|Paris (1989<ref name="Paris 1989" />): "Some rare pumpkin (''Cucurbita pepo'' Pumpkin Group) cultivars have lignified rinds and even warts. Expression of lignified rind is conditioned by the dominant gene ''Hr'' (hard rind) and of warts by the dominant gene ''Wt''. Both ''Hr'' and ''Wt'' must be present for wartiness to develop (Schaffer et al. 1986a<ref name="Schaffer et al. 1986a" />). Primitive forms from Mexico, exemplified by PIs 442315 and 442325, have smooth but thick lignified rinds; these forms may be representative of an earlier stage in evolution under domestication, an early offshoot, or a separate line of domestication from the pumpkin line. The South African cultivar 'Little Gem' is a miniature pumpkin having a smooth, thin, but lignified rind. 'Nantucket', a pumpkin cultivar of the 19th century (Burr 1863,<ref name="Burr 1863" />, Goff 1888<ref name="Goff 1888" />), had warts. The reportedly very high quality of 'Little Gem' and 'Nantucket' indicates that these pumpkins are well advanced from primitive stocks. Their hard rinds would suggest that they were derived through hybridization between pumpkins and hard-rinded forms".}}, aquí se encuentra en la tabla del grupo Gema de cultivares sudafricanos de alta calidad para consumir inmaduros.

== Referencias ==