Diferencia entre revisiones de «Peste bovina»
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La '''''peste bovina''''' (o '''peste del ganado''') era una [[enfermedad]] [[virus|viral]] infecciosa que atacaba al [[ganado]], al [[búfalo de agua|búfalo]] doméstico y a algunas especies de animales salvajes. La enfermedad se caracterizaba por [[fiebre]], erosiones orales, [[diarrea]], [[necrosis]] linfoide y alta tasa de mortalidad. Tras una campaña de [[Erradicación de enfermedades infecciosas|erradicación]] global, el último caso confirmado de peste bovina data del 2001.<ref name="Normile2008">{{cita publicación |autor=Dennis Normile |título=Driven to Extinction |publicación=[[Science (journal)|Science]] |volumen=319 |páginas=1606–1609 |año=2008 |url=http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/319/5870/1606 |pmid=18356500 |fechaacceso=
En mayo de 2011, la [[Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal]] confirmó la erradicación de la peste bovina, después de más de veinte años de lucha para acabar con ella.<ref>[http://web.archive.org/web/20130107051646/http://www.oie.int/for-the-media/press-releases/detail/article/no-more-deaths-from-rinderpest/ «No more deaths from rinderpest»]. Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal.</ref> Es la segunda enfermedad, después de la [[viruela]], en ser erradicada.<ref>[http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp/story.asp?NewsID=37361&Cr=food&Cr1=#.U1GR41cY3IU «Deadly cattle plague to be declared officially eradicated by June»]. ''United Nations News Centre''.</ref> El director general, Bernard Vallat, calificó de "hecho histórico" la erradicación.
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== El virus ==
Dado que es un ''[[morbillivirus]]'', el virus de la pesta bovina se encuentra muy relacionado con los virus del [[sarampión]] y el [[moquillo]].<ref name=huygelen>{{cita publicación| apellido = Huygelen| nombre = C.| título = The Immunization of Cattle against Rinderpest in Eighteenth-Century Europe| publicación = Medical History| volumen = 41| páginas = 182–196| año = 1997| url = http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/picrender.fcgi?artid=1043905&blobtype=pdf| formato = PDF| fechaacceso = 6 de junio de 2007
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==La enfermedad==
Death rates during outbreaks were usually extremely high, approaching 100% in immunologically naive populations.<ref name=one>{{cite web|url=http://www2.dpi.qld.gov.au/health/3957.html |título=Exotic animal diseases - Rinderpest |editorial=.dpi.qld.gov.au |fecha= |accessdate=15 de octubre de 2010}}</ref> The disease was mainly spread by direct contact and by drinking contaminated water, although it could also be transmitted by air.<ref name=two>{{cite news |archiveurl=http://web.archive.org/web/19970609213341/http://www.fao.org/news/1996/960804-E.HTM |url=http://www.fao.org/news/1996/960804-E.HTM |editorial=[[UN Food and Agriculture Organization]] |título=Rinderpest - the toll and treatment of a plague |año=1996 |fechaarchivo=9 de junio de 1997
Initial symptoms included fever, loss of appetite, and nasal and eye discharges. Subsequently, irregular erosions appeared in the mouth, the lining of the nose, and the genital tract.<ref name=one/> Acute diarrhoea, preceded by constipation, was also a common feature.<ref name=two/> Most animals died 6–12 days after the onset of these clinical signs.<ref name=one/>
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[[File:Runderpest in Nederland 18e eeuw.jpg|thumb|Rinderpest outbreak in 18th century Netherlands]]
Cattle plagues recurred throughout history, often accompanying wars and military campaigns. They hit Europe especially hard in the 18th century, with three long pandemics which, although varying in intensity and duration from region to region, took place in the periods of 1709–1720, 1742–1760, and 1768–1786.<ref name=broad>{{cite journal| last = Broad| first = J.| título = Cattle Plague in Eighteenth-Century England| revista = Agricultural History Review| volumen = 32 | número = 2 | pages = 104–115| año = 1983| formato= PDF| url = http://www.bahs.org.uk/31n2a3.pdf| accessdate =
===Inoculation===
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Dr. [[Walter Plowright]] was awarded the [[World Food Prize]] in 1999 for developing a vaccine against rinderpest. The Plowright vaccine was developed to the RBOK strain of the rinderpest virus.<ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Plowright | first1 = W. | last2 = Ferris | first2 = R. D. | año = 1962 | título = Studies with rinderpest virus in tissue culture. The use of attenuated culture virus as a vaccine for cattle | url = | revista = Res Vet Sci | volumen = 3 | número = | pages = 172–182 }}</ref>
In 1999, the [[Food and Agriculture Organization|FAO]] predicted that with vaccination, the cattle plague would be eradicated by 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/docrep/X3444e/x3444e05.htm |título=Empres Transboundary Animal Diseases Bulletin No. 11 - Rinderpest |editorial=Fao.org |fecha=
==Eradication==
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