Archivo:Fontenay Abbey - fountain between The forge and The Porter's Lodge and the Hostelry (35804445506).jpg
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DescripciónFontenay Abbey - fountain between The forge and The Porter's Lodge and the Hostelry (35804445506).jpg |
A morning visit to <a href="http://www.abbayedefontenay.com/en/" rel="nofollow">Fontenay Abbey</a> in Burgundy. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. We had a guided tour around the abbey (which lasted about an hour), then had about half an hour of free time around the abbey before we left for Semur-en-Auxois. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbey_of_Fontenay" rel="nofollow">Fontenay Abbey</a> The Abbey of Fontenay is a former Cistercian abbey located in the commune of Marmagne, near Montbard, in the département of Côte-d'Or in France. It was founded by Saint Bernard of Clairvaux in 1118, and built in the Romanesque style. It is one of the oldest and most complete Cistercian abbeys in Europe, and became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981. Of the original complex comprising church, dormitory, cloister, chapter house, caldarium, refectory, dovecote and forge, all remain intact except the refectory and are well maintained. The Abbey of Fontenay, along with other Cistercian abbeys, forms a connecting link between Romanesque and Gothic architectures. Foundation of the order In the late 11th century during the heyday of the great church of Cluny III (a magnificent Benedictine monastery in Cluny, France), although Cluny had numerous followers, Saint Robert of Molesme, the subsequent founder of Cîteaux Abbey, led a strong reaction against it. Saint Robert thought that Cluny was against the actual Rule of Saint Benedict: “to work is to pray”. As a result, Saint Robert, along with a group of monks who shared this belief, detached from Cluny. Saint Robert established the Order of Cistercians in Citeaux, France. The new order strictly observed the Rule of Saint Benedict. As part of this rule, monks had to be poor and live a simple life. In order not to be distracted from the religious life, Cistercians built self-sufficient monasteries in isolated areas and refused to use servants. Cistercian monasteries were independent. They differed from Cluny in that all houses were under the direct control of the abbot, and each Cistercian monastery needed to take care of its own. Each of them was most likely an independent individual society. Bernard of Clairvaux, an abbot and the primary builder of the reformed Cistercian order, shared the same faith with Saint Robert of Molesme. However, Bernard felt that Cîteaux Abbey was not austere enough and did not completely reflect the Rule of Saint Benedict. Thus, in 1118 he founded the Abbey of Fontenay in a Burgundy valley with strictly implemented austerity. History of the abbey The Cistercian monks moved to Fontenay Abbey in 1130. Nine years later, the Bishop of Norwich fled to Fontenay to escape persecution, and helped finance the construction of the church with his wealth. The church was consecrated in 1147 by Pope Eugene III. By 1200 the monastic complex was complete and able to serve as many as 300 monks. In 1259, the devout King Louis exempted the Abbey of Fontenay from all taxes, and being in the King’s good graces, ten years later the abbey became a royal abbey. In 1359, the Abbey of Fontenay was pillaged by the armies of King Edward III of England during the Hundred Years' War. It suffered further damage during the Wars of Religion in late 16th century. In 1745, the refectory was destroyed. With the beginning of the French Revolution in 1789 all of the monks successively left the abbey due to dechristianisation during the revolution and in 1791, the site was turned into a paper mill, run by the Montgolfier brothers. In 1906 Edouard Aynard, an art-loving banker from Lyon, bought the abbey and commenced its restoration which was complete by 1911. Edouard's descendents continued to work on the abbey and it remains in the Aynard family to this day. In 1981 the abbey became a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
The porter's lodge is surmounted by a further storey which was reconstructed in the 15th century, and would have been where the brother Porter lodged. On the right of the staircase, one can make out the dog's kennel and the hole in the wall out of which he would have stuck his head. To the left of the porter's lodege (as one leaves the Abbey), the hostelry used to occupy part of the present day building.
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Fecha | |
Fuente | Fontenay Abbey - fountain between The forge and The Porter's Lodge and the Hostelry |
Autor | Elliott Brown from Birmingham, United Kingdom |
Posición de la cámara | 47° 38′ 21,13″ N, 4° 23′ 21,96″ E | Ubicación de esta y otras imágenes en: OpenStreetMap | 47.639203; 4.389434 |
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Esta imagen fue publicada en Flickr por ell brown en https://flickr.com/photos/39415781@N06/35804445506 (archivo). La imagen fue revisada el 13 de noviembre de 2018 por el robot FlickreviewR 2 y confirmó tener licencia bajo los términos de cc-by-sa-2.0. |
13 de noviembre de 2018
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7 jun 2017
47°38'21.131"N, 4°23'21.962"E
0,00625 segundo
5,6
3,58 milímetro
image/jpeg
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actual | 13:25 13 nov 2018 | 4608 × 3456 (6,39 MB) | Laboratoire LAMOP | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Fabricante de la cámara | Panasonic |
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Modelo de cámara | DMC-FZ72 |
Tiempo de exposición | 1/160 seg (0,00625) |
Número F | f/5,6 |
Fecha y hora de la generación de los datos | 11:06 7 jun 2017 |
Longitud focal de la lente | 3,58 mm |
Orientación | Normal |
Resolución horizontal | 180 ppp |
Resolución vertical | 180 ppp |
Software usado | Ver.1.0 |
Fecha y hora de modificación del archivo | 11:06 7 jun 2017 |
Posicionamientos Y y C | Co-localizados |
Programa de exposición | Prioridad de obturador |
Calificación de velocidad ISO | 100 |
Versión de Exif | 2.3 |
Fecha y hora de la digitalización | 11:06 7 jun 2017 |
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Modo de compresión de la imagen | 4 |
Sesgo de exposición | −0,33 |
Valor máximo de apertura | 2,96875 APEX (f/2,8) |
Modo de medición | Patrón |
Fuente de luz | Desconocido |
Flash | No se disparó el flash, disparo de flash anulado |
Versión admitida de Flashpix | 1 |
Espacio de color | sRGB |
Método de sensor | Sensor de área de color de un chip |
Fuente de archivo | Cámara digital |
Tipo de escena | Una imagen directamente fotografiada |
Procesador personalizado de imagen | Proceso normal |
Modo de exposición | Exposición automática |
Balance de blanco | Balance de blanco automático |
Razón de zoom digital | 0 |
Longitud focal en película de 35 mm | 20 mm |
Tipo de captura de escena | Estándar |
Control de escena | Ninguna |
Contraste | Normal |
Saturación | Normal |
Agudeza | Normal |