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Un '''militar''' es un individuo que forma parte de unas [[Fuerzas Armadas]], ostentando un [[Rango (militar)|puesto jerárquico]] (''rango'' o ''grado'') dentro de ellas. Por lo tanto no es ''militar'' el perteneciente a cualquier grupo armado más o menos organizado, sino el miembro de unas fuerzas armadas dependientes de un estado, sean estas mayoritariamente profesionales o formadas por ciudadanos reclutados
La doctrina que defiende la primacía del ejército en la sociedad recibe el nombre de [[militarismo]].
== Etimología y otros significados ==
'''Militar''' proviene del [[latín]] ''militarius'', de ''miles'' ([[genitivo]] ''militis'') = '[[soldado]]'.
Usado como adjetivo (p.ej en [[servicio militar]]), ''militar'' es una propiedad descriptiva de cosas relacionadas con los [[ejército]]s y la [[guerra]].
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:''Artículo principal: [[Historia Militar]]''
A menudo, se considera como historia militar a la historia de todos los [[conflicto]]s, no solo la historia de los estados militares. La diferencia respecto a la [[historia de la guerra]] radica en que la historia militar se centra más en las personas y las instituciones, mientras que la historia de la guerra trata la evolución de la guerra en sí misma, vista como evolución en [[tecnología]], [[gobierno]]s y [[geografía]]. La historia militar tiene una serie de propósitos, entre ellos por ejemplo aprender de situaciones y errores del pasado para poder realizar una labor bélica más efectiva en el futuro, crear un sentimiento de [[tradición militar]] para crear fuerzas militares cohesionadas o aprender a [[Paz|prevenir la guerra]] de una forma eficaz. El conocimiento humano en materia militar se basa ampliamente en la [[historia oral]] y [[Historia|escrita]] de los [[Guerra|conflictos
* '''descriptiva''', que presenta las crónicas de los conflictos sin valorar las causas, conductas, desenlace y efectos de un conflicto;
* y '''analítica''', que se encarga de indagar en los motivos, la naturaleza, la conclusión y los resultados de los conflictos, como una forma de derivar el conocimiento y comprender los conflictos en conjunto, para prevenir la repetición de errores en el futuro, sugerir mejores métodos de uso de las fuerzas o evidenciar la necesidad de nuevas tecnologías.
== Organización militar ==
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Armed forces may be organized as ''standing forces'' (e.g. [[regular army]]), which describes a professional army that is engaged in no other profession than preparing for and engaging in warfare. In contrast, there is the ''citizen army''. A citizen army (also known as a [[militia]] or [[reserve army]]) is only mobilized as needed. Its advantage lies in the fact that it is dramatically less expensive (in terms of wealth, manpower, and opportunity cost) for the organizing [[society]] to support. The disadvantage is that such a "citizen's army" is less well trained and organized.
A compromise between the two has a small cadre of professional [[NCO]]s (non-commissioned officers) and officers who act as a skeleton for a much larger force. When war comes, this skeleton is filled out with conscripts or reservists (former full-time soldiers who volunteer for a small stipend to occasionally train with the cadre to keep their military skills intact), who form the wartime unit. This balances the pros and cons of each basic organization, and allows the formation of huge armies (in terms of millions of combatants), necessary in modern large scale [[war]]fare.
== Traducción inglesa ==
Aunque ''militar'' es la traducción literal de ''military'', el término inglés también se usa para describir lo que en español se conoce comúnmente como '''[[ejército]]''': el conjunto de personas que forman unas [[fuerzas armadas]]. Si se consulta documentación en inglés, hay que tener presente esta diferencia de significado.
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== Military science ==
:''Main article: [[Military science]]''
[[Military science]] concerns itself with the study and of the diverse technical, psychological, and practical phenomena that encompass the events that make up [[warfare]], especially armed combat. It strives to be an all-encompassing [[scientific]] system that if properly employed, will greatly enhance the practitioner's ability to prevail in an armed conflict with any adversary.
== Military ideology ==
:''Main article: [[Militarism]]
== Other uses of "Military" ==
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For example, in the [[United States]], the [[statutory law]]s set down by [[United States Congress|Congress]] to apply to the ''individual conduct'' within any ''military force'' of the [[United States]] are known as the [[Uniform Code of Military Justice]]. The code includes specific articles under which a soldier or sailor would be tried for infractions ranging from minor ([[Late Return]], [[petty theft]]) to severe ([[Rape]], [[Murder]]); this code is usually referred to by the [[acronym]] [[UCMJ]].
===Military strength===
Military strength is a term that describes a [[quantification]] or reference to a nation's standing military forces or the capacity for fulfillment of that military's role. For example, the military strength of a given country could be interpreted as the number of individuals in its [[armed forces]], the destructive potential of its [[arsenal]], or both. For example, while [[People's Liberation Army|China]] and [[Military of India|India]] maintain the largest armed forces in the world, the [[U.S. Military]] is considered to be one of the world's strongest, although the certainty of such a claim cannot be ascertained without a detailed analysis of opposing military forces in relation to one another as well as taking into account the field(s) of [[battle]] and [[military tactics|tactics]] used in such a conflict. [[Israel]] as well has also been described as the best trained and best operating army in the world, although they are small they are said to make up for it with their intense, elite training and their loyalty and dedication. The Israeli Air Force has widely been considered as the greatest in the world. Israel has, on occasion, even trained American Air Force fighter pilots, as well as staging Israel vs. US aerial 'laser' dog-fights in which Israeli pilots have 'shot down' more than twenty times as many jet fighter planes as the US 'shot down'.
===Military force===
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==See also==
* [[Comparative military ranks
* [[Jane's Information Group]] provides contemporary info on [[Trade]] in Military Equipment.
* [[Martial art]]
* [[Militaria]]
* [[Military rule]]
* [[List of countries by number of active troops]]
* [[List of countries by size of armed forces]]
* [[List of countries without an army]]
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