Diferencia entre revisiones de «Genoma»

El [[tamaño del genoma]] es el número total de pares de bases de ADN en una copia de un genoma haploide. En los seres humanos, el genoma nuclear comprende aproximadamente 3,2 billones de nucleótidos de ADN, divididos en 24 moléculas lineales, los 50 000 000 nucleótidos más cortos de longitud y los 260 000 000 nucleótidos más largos, cada uno contenido en un cromosoma diferente. <ref>{{cite web|title=Human genome|url=http://www.whatisdna.net/wiki/genetic-genealogy-understanding-ancestry-dna/|access-date=19 August 2016}}</ref> El tamaño del genoma se correlaciona positivamente con la complejidad morfológica entre procariotas y eucariotas inferiores; sin embargo, después de los moluscos y todos los otros eucariotas superiores mencionados anteriormente, esta correlación ya no es efectiva. {{cite journal | vauthorsauthors = Gregory TR, Nicol JA, Tamm H, Kullman B, Kullman K, Leitch IJ, Murray BG, Kapraun DF, Greilhuber J, Bennett MD | title = Eukaryotic genome size databases | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 35 | issue = Database issue | pages = D332-8 | date = enero 2007 | pmid = 17090588 | doi = 10.1093/nar/gkl828 }}</ref> Este fenómeno también indica la poderosa influencia que proviene del ADN repetitivo en los genomas.

Dado que los genomas son muy complejos, una estrategia de investigación es reducir al mínimo la cantidad de genes en un genoma y aún así sobrevivir al organismo en cuestión. Se está realizando un trabajo experimental sobre genomas mínimos para organismos unicelulares, así como genomas mínimos para organismos multicelulares (ver [[Biología del desarrollo]]). El trabajo es tanto ''[[in vivo]]'' como ''[[in silico]]''.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Glass JI, Assad-Garcia N, Alperovich N, Yooseph S, Lewis MR, Maruf M, Hutchison CA, Smith HO, Venter JC | title = Essential genes of a minimal bacterium | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 103 | issue = 2 | pages = 425–30 | date = enero 2006 | pmid = 16407165 | pmc = 1324956 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.0510013103 | bibcode = 2006PNAS..103..425G }}

</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors autores= Forster AC, Church GM | title = Towards synthesis of a minimal cell | journal = Molecular Systems Biology | volume = 2 | issue = 1 | pages = 45 | date = 2006 | pmid = 16924266 | pmc = 1681520 | doi = 10.1038/msb4100090 }}</ref>

| Primer genoma de ARN secuenciado<ref name=Fiers1976>{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Fiers W, Contreras R, Duerinck F, Haegeman G, Iserentant D, Merregaert J, Min Jou W, Molemans F, Raeymaekers A, Van den Berghe A, Volckaert G, Ysebaert M | title = Complete nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage MS2 RNA: primary and secondary structure of the replicase gene | journal = Nature | volume = 260 | issue = 5551 | pages = 500–7 | date = April 1976 | pmid = 1264203 | doi = 10.1038/260500a0 | bibcode = 1976Natur.260..500F }}</ref>

|<ref name=Fiers1978>{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Fiers W, Contreras R, Haegemann G, Rogiers R, Van de Voorde A, Van Heuverswyn H, Van Herreweghe J, Volckaert G, Ysebaert M | title = Complete nucleotide sequence of SV40 DNA | journal = Nature | volume = 273 | issue = 5658 | pages = 113–20 | date = May 1978 | pmid = 205802 | doi = 10.1038/273113a0 | bibcode = 1978Natur.273..113F }}</ref>

|Primera secuencia de ADN-genoma<ref name=Sanger1977>{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Sanger F, Air GM, Barrell BG, Brown NL, Coulson AR, Fiddes CA, Hutchison CA, Slocombe PM, Smith M | title = Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage phi X174 DNA | journal = Nature | volume = 265 | issue = 5596 | pages = 687–95 | date = February 1977 | pmid = 870828 | doi = 10.1038/265687a0 | bibcode = 1977Natur.265..687S }}</ref>

<ref>{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Thomason L, Court DL, Bubunenko M, Costantino N, Wilson H, Datta S, Oppenheim A | title = Recombineering: genetic engineering in bacteria using homologous recombination | journal = Current Protocols in Molecular Biology | volume = Chapter 1 | pages = Unit 1.16 | date = abril 2007 | pmid = 18265390 | doi = 10.1002/0471142727.mb0116s78 | isbn = 978-0-471-14272-0 }}</ref>

<ref>{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Court DL, Oppenheim AB, Adhya SL | title = A new look at bacteriophage lambda genetic networks | journal = Journal of Bacteriology | volume = 189 | issue = 2 | pages = 298–304 | date = enero 2007 | pmid = 17085553 | pmc = 1797383 | doi = 10.1128/JB.01215-06 }}</ref>

<ref>{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Sanger F, Coulson AR, Hong GF, Hill DF, Petersen GB | title = Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage lambda DNA | journal = Journal of Molecular Biology | volume = 162 | issue = 4 | pages = 729–73 | date = December 1982 | pmid = 6221115 | doi = 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90546-0 }}</ref>

|Hasta 2013 el genoma viral más grande conocido.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Legendre M, Arslan D, Abergel C, Claverie JM | title = Genomics of Megavirus and the elusive fourth domain of Life | journal = Communicative & Integrative Biology | volume = 5 | issue = 1 | pages = 102–6 | date = January 2012 | pmid = 22482024 | pmc = 3291303 | doi = 10.4161/cib.18624 }}</ref>

|El genoma viral más grande conocido.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Philippe N, Legendre M, Doutre G, Couté Y, Poirot O, Lescot M, Arslan D, Seltzer V, Bertaux L, Bruley C, Garin J, Claverie JM, Abergel C | title = Pandoraviruses: amoeba viruses with genomes up to 2.5 Mb reaching that of parasitic eukaryotes | journal = Science | volume = 341 | issue = 6143 | pages = 281–6 | date = July 2013 | pmid = 23869018 | doi = 10.1126/science.1239181 | bibcode = 2013Sci...341..281P }}</ref>

|El genoma no viral más pequeño.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Bennett GM, Moran NA | title = Small, smaller, smallest: the origins and evolution of ancient dual symbioses in a Phloem-feeding insect | journal = Genome Biology and Evolution | volume = 5 | issue = 9 | pages = 1675–88 | date = 5 August 2013 | pmid = 23918810 | pmc = 3787670 | doi = 10.1093/gbe/evt118 }}</ref>

|<ref>{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Shigenobu S, Watanabe H, Hattori M, Sakaki Y, Ishikawa H | title = Genome sequence of the endocellular bacterial symbiont of aphids Buchnera sp. APS | journal = Nature | volume = 407 | issue = 6800 | pages = 81–6 | date = September 2000 | pmid = 10993077 | doi = 10.1038/35024074 }}</ref>

|Primer genoma de un organismo vivo secuenciado, julio de 1995.<ref name=Fleichmann_1995>{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Fleischmann RD, Adams MD, White O, Clayton RA, Kirkness EF, Kerlavage AR, Bult CJ, Tomb JF, Dougherty BA, Merrick JM | title = Whole-genome random sequencing and assembly of Haemophilus influenzae Rd | journal = Science | volume = 269 | issue = 5223 | pages = 496–512 | date = July 1995 | pmid = 7542800 | doi = 10.1126/science.7542800 | bibcode = 1995Sci...269..496F }}</ref>

|<ref>{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Blattner FR, Plunkett G, Bloch CA, Perna NT, Burland V, Riley M, Collado-Vides J, Glasner JD, Rode CK, Mayhew GF, Gregor J, Davis NW, Kirkpatrick HA, Goeden MA, Rose DJ, Mau B, Shao Y | display-authors = 6 | title = The complete genome sequence of Escherichia coli K-12 | journal = Science | volume = 277 | issue = 5331 | pages = 1453–62 | date = September 1997 | pmid = 9278503 | doi = 10.1126/science.277.5331.1453 }}</ref>

|<ref>{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Challacombe JF, Eichorst SA, Hauser L, Land M, Xie G, Kuske CR | title = Biological consequences of ancient gene acquisition and duplication in the large genome of Candidatus Solibacter usitatus Ellin6076 | journal = PLOS One | volume = 6 | issue = 9 | pages = e24882 | date = 15 September 2011 | pmid = 21949776 | pmc = 3174227 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pone.0024882 | editor1-last = Steinke | bibcode = 2011PLoSO...624882C | editor1-first = Dirk }}</ref>

{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Rocap G, Larimer FW, Lamerdin J, Malfatti S, Chain P, Ahlgren NA, Arellano A, Coleman M, Hauser L, Hess WR, Johnson ZI, Land M, Lindell D, Post AF, Regala W, Shah M, Shaw SL, Steglich C, Sullivan MB, Ting CS, Tolonen A, Webb EA, Zinser ER, Chisholm SW | display-authors = 6 | title = Genome divergence in two Prochlorococcus ecotypes reflects oceanic niche differentiation | journal = Nature | volume = 424 | issue = 6952 | pages = 1042–7 | date = August 2003 | pmid = 12917642 | doi = 10.1038/nature01947 | bibcode = 2003Natur.424.1042R }}</ref><ref>

{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Dufresne A, Salanoubat M, Partensky F, Artiguenave F, Axmann IM, Barbe V, Duprat S, Galperin MY, Koonin EV, Le Gall F, Makarova KS, Ostrowski M, Oztas S, Robert C, Rogozin IB, Scanlan DJ, Tandeau de Marsac N, Weissenbach J, Wincker P, Wolf YI, Hess WR | display-authors = 6 | title = Genome sequence of the cyanobacterium Prochlorococcus marinus SS120, a nearly minimal oxyphototrophic genome | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 100 | issue = 17 | pages = 10020–5 | date = August 2003 | pmid = 12917486 | pmc = 187748 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1733211100 | bibcode = 2003PNAS..10010020D }}</ref>

{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Meeks JC, Elhai J, Thiel T, Potts M, Larimer F, Lamerdin J, Predki P, Atlas R | title = An overview of the genome of Nostoc punctiforme, a multicellular, symbiotic cyanobacterium | journal = Photosynthesis Research | volume = 70 | issue = 1 | pages = 85–106 | year = 2001 | pmid = 16228364 | doi = 10.1023/A:1013840025518 }}</ref>

|El genoma más grande conocido. .<ref name=Parfrey2008>{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Parfrey LW, Lahr DJ, Katz LA | title = The dynamic nature of eukaryotic genomes | journal = Molecular Biology and Evolution | volume = 25 | issue = 4 | pages = 787–94 | date = April 2008 | pmid = 18258610 | pmc = 2933061 | doi = 10.1093/molbev/msn032 }}</ref> (Cuestionado)<ref name="ScienceShot: Biggest Genome Ever">[http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2010/10/scienceshot-biggest-genome-ever.html ScienceShot: Biggest Genome Ever] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101011155609/http://news.sciencemag.org/sciencenow/2010/10/scienceshot-biggest-genome-ever.html |date=11 October 2010 }}, comments: "The measurement for Amoeba dubia and other protozoa which have been reported to have very large genomes were made in the 1960s using a rough biochemical approach which is now considered to be an unreliable method for accurate genome size determinations."</ref>

| <ref>{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Anderson S, Bankier AT, Barrell BG, de Bruijn MH, Coulson AR, Drouin J, Eperon IC, Nierlich DP, Roe BA, Sanger F, Schreier PH, Smith AJ, Staden R, Young IG | title = Sequence and organization of the human mitochondrial genome | journal = Nature | volume = 290 | issue = 5806 | pages = 457–65 | date = April 1981 | pmid = 7219534 | doi = 10.1038/290457a0 | bibcode = 1981Natur.290..457A }}</ref>

|El genoma de la planta floreciente más pequeño registrado, 2014.<ref name="Fleischmann 2014">{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Fleischmann A, Michael TP, Rivadavia F, Sousa A, Wang W, Temsch EM, Greilhuber J, Müller KF, Heubl G | title = Evolution of genome size and chromosome number in the carnivorous plant genus Genlisea (Lentibulariaceae), with a new estimate of the minimum genome size in angiosperms | journal = Annals of Botany | volume = 114 | issue = 8 | pages = 1651–63 | date = December 2014 | pmid = 25274549 | pmc = 4649684 | doi = 10.1093/aob/mcu189 | last-author-amp = yes }}</ref>

|Primer genoma de la planta secuenciado, diciembre 2000.<ref name="Greilhuber">{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Greilhuber J, Borsch T, Müller K, Worberg A, Porembski S, Barthlott W | title = Smallest angiosperm genomes found in lentibulariaceae, with chromosomes of bacterial size | journal = Plant Biology | volume = 8 | issue = 6 | pages = 770–7 | date = November 2006 | pmid = 17203433 | doi = 10.1055/s-2006-924101 | last-author-amp = yes }}</ref>

|Primer genoma de árbol secuenciado, septiembre de 2006<ref>{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Tuskan GA, Difazio S, Jansson S, Bohlmann J, Grigoriev I, Hellsten U, Putnam N, Ralph S, Rombauts S, Salamov A, Schein J, Sterck L, Aerts A, Bhalerao RR, Bhalerao RP, Blaudez D, Boerjan W, Brun A, Brunner A, Busov V, Campbell M, Carlson J, Chalot M, Chapman J, Chen GL, Cooper D, Coutinho PM, Couturier J, Covert S, Cronk Q, Cunningham R, Davis J, Degroeve S, Déjardin A, Depamphilis C, Detter J, Dirks B, Dubchak I, Duplessis S, Ehlting J, Ellis B, Gendler K, Goodstein D, Gribskov M, Grimwood J, Groover A, Gunter L, Hamberger B, Heinze B, Helariutta Y, Henrissat B, Holligan D, Holt R, Huang W, Islam-Faridi N, Jones S, Jones-Rhoades M, Jorgensen R, Joshi C, Kangasjärvi J, Karlsson J, Kelleher C, Kirkpatrick R, Kirst M, Kohler A, Kalluri U, Larimer F, Leebens-Mack J, Leplé JC, Locascio P, Lou Y, Lucas S, Martin F, Montanini B, Napoli C, Nelson DR, Nelson C, Nieminen K, Nilsson O, Pereda V, Peter G, Philippe R, Pilate G, Poliakov A, Razumovskaya J, Richardson P, Rinaldi C, Ritland K, Rouzé P, Ryaboy D, Schmutz J, Schrader J, Segerman B, Shin H, Siddiqui A, Sterky F, Terry A, Tsai CJ, Uberbacher E, Unneberg P, Vahala J, Wall K, Wessler S, Yang G, Yin T, Douglas C, Marra M, Sandberg G, Van de Peer Y, Rokhsar D | display-authors = 6 | title = The genome of black cottonwood, Populus trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray) | journal = Science | volume = 313 | issue = 5793 | pages = 1596–604 | date = September 2006 | pmid = 16973872 | doi = 10.1126/science.1128691 | bibcode = 2006Sci...313.1596T }}</ref>

<ref name="pmid18762443">{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Lang D, Zimmer AD, Rensing SA, Reski R | title = Exploring plant biodiversity: the Physcomitrella genome and beyond | journal = Trends in Plant Science | volume = 13 | issue = 10 | pages = 542–9 | date = October 2008 | pmid = 18762443 | doi = 10.1016/j.tplants.2008.07.002 }}</ref>

|<ref name = "Galagan_2005">{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Galagan JE, Calvo SE, Cuomo C, Ma LJ, Wortman JR, Batzoglou S, Lee SI, Baştürkmen M, Spevak CC, Clutterbuck J, Kapitonov V, Jurka J, Scazzocchio C, Farman M, Butler J, Purcell S, Harris S, Braus GH, Draht O, Busch S, D'Enfert C, Bouchier C, Goldman GH, Bell-Pedersen D, Griffiths-Jones S, Doonan JH, Yu J, Vienken K, Pain A, Freitag M, Selker EU, Archer DB, Peñalva MA, Oakley BR, Momany M, Tanaka T, Kumagai T, Asai K, Machida M, Nierman WC, Denning DW, Caddick M, Hynes M, Paoletti M, Fischer R, Miller B, Dyer P, Sachs MS, Osmani SA, Birren BW | display-authors = 6 | title = Sequencing of Aspergillus nidulans and comparative analysis with A. fumigatus and A. oryzae | journal = Nature | volume = 438 | issue = 7071 | pages = 1105–15 | date = December 2005 | pmid = 16372000 | doi = 10.1038/nature04341 | bibcode = 2005Natur.438.1105G }}</ref>

|<ref>{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Leroy S, Bouamer S, Morand S, Fargette M | year = 2007 | title = Genome size of plant-parasitic nematodes | journal = Nematology | volume = 9 | issue = | pages = 449–450 | doi=10.1163/156854107781352089}}</ref>El genoma animal mas pequeño conocido<ref>{{cite web | vauthorsautores = Gregory TR |date=2005 |title=Animal Genome Size Database |publisher= Gregory, T.R. (2016). Animal Genome Size Database. | url=http://www.genomesize.com/statistics.php?stats=entire#stats_top}}</ref>

|Variación de tamaño basado en la cepa (175-180Mb; cepa w y estándar es de 175 MB)<ref name="Adams_2000">{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Ellis LL, Huang W, Quinn AM, Ahuja A, Alfrejd B, Gomez FE, Hjelmen CE, Moore KL, Mackay TF, Johnston JS, Tarone AM | title = Intrapopulation genome size variation in D. melanogaster reflects life history variation and plasticity | journal = PLoS Genetics | volume = 10 | issue = 7 | pages = e1004522 | date = July 2014 | pmid = 25057905 | pmc = 4109859 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004522 }}</ref>

|14.623 genes predichos<ref name="Bombyxgenome">{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = | title = The genome of a lepidopteran model insect, the silkworm Bombyx mori | journal = Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology | volume = 38 | issue = 12 | pages = 1036–45 | date = December 2008 | pmid = 19121390 | pmc = | doi = 10.1016/j.ibmb.2008.11.004 }}</ref>

|<ref name=Wurm_2011>{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Wurm Y, Wang J, Riba-Grognuz O, Corona M, Nygaard S, Hunt BG, Ingram KK, Falquet L, Nipitwattanaphon M, Gotzek D, Dijkstra MB, Oettler J, Comtesse F, Shih CJ, Wu WJ, Yang CC, Thomas J, Beaudoing E, Pradervand S, Flegel V, Cook ED, Fabbretti R, Stockinger H, Long L, Farmerie WG, Oakey J, Boomsma JJ, Pamilo P, Yi SV, Heinze J, Goodisman MA, Farinelli L, Harshman K, Hulo N, Cerutti L, Xenarios I, Shoemaker D, Keller L | display-authors = 6 | title = The genome of the fire ant Solenopsis invicta | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America | volume = 108 | issue = 14 | pages = 5679–84 | date = April 2011 | pmid = 21282665 | pmc = 3078418 | doi = 10.1073/pnas.1009690108 | bibcode = 2011PNAS..108.5679W }}</ref>

|<ref>{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Church DM, Goodstadt L, Hillier LW, Zody MC, Goldstein S, She X, Bult CJ, Agarwala R, Cherry JL, DiCuccio M, Hlavina W, Kapustin Y, Meric P, Maglott D, Birtle Z, Marques AC, Graves T, Zhou S, Teague B, Potamousis K, Churas C, Place M, Herschleb J, Runnheim R, Forrest D, Amos-Landgraf J, Schwartz DC, Cheng Z, Lindblad-Toh K, Eichler EE, Ponting CP | display-authors = 6 | title = Lineage-specific biology revealed by a finished genome assembly of the mouse | journal = PLoS Biology | volume = 7 | issue = 5 | pages = e1000112 | date = May 2009 | pmid = 19468303 | pmc = 2680341 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000112 | editor1-last = Roberts | editor1-first = Richard J }}</ref>

Secuenciación inicial y análisis del genoma humano.<ref name="Analysis of human genome">{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Venter JC, Adams MD, Myers EW, Li PW, Mural RJ, Sutton GG, Smith HO, Yandell M, Evans CA, Holt RA, Gocayne JD, Amanatides P, Ballew RM, Huson DH, Wortman JR, Zhang Q, Kodira CD, Zheng XH, Chen L, Skupski M, Subramanian G, Thomas PD, Zhang J, Gabor Miklos GL, Nelson C, Broder S, Clark AG, Nadeau J, McKusick VA, Zinder N, Levine AJ, Roberts RJ, Simon M, Slayman C, Hunkapiller M, Bolanos R, Delcher A, Dew I, Fasulo D, Flanigan M, Florea L, Halpern A, Hannenhalli S, Kravitz S, Levy S, Mobarry C, Reinert K, Remington K, Abu-Threideh J, Beasley E, Biddick K, Bonazzi V, Brandon R, Cargill M, Chandramouliswaran I, Charlab R, Chaturvedi K, Deng Z, Di Francesco V, Dunn P, Eilbeck K, Evangelista C, Gabrielian AE, Gan W, Ge W, Gong F, Gu Z, Guan P, Heiman TJ, Higgins ME, Ji RR, Ke Z, Ketchum KA, Lai Z, Lei Y, Li Z, Li J, Liang Y, Lin X, Lu F, Merkulov GV, Milshina N, Moore HM, Naik AK, Narayan VA, Neelam B, Nusskern D, Rusch DB, Salzberg S, Shao W, Shue B, Sun J, Wang Z, Wang A, Wang X, Wang J, Wei M, Wides R, Xiao C, Yan C, Yao A, Ye J, Zhan M, Zhang W, Zhang H, Zhao Q, Zheng L, Zhong F, Zhong W, Zhu S, Zhao S, Gilbert D, Baumhueter S, Spier G, Carter C, Cravchik A, Woodage T, Ali F, An H, Awe A, Baldwin D, Baden H, Barnstead M, Barrow I, Beeson K, Busam D, Carver A, Center A, Cheng ML, Curry L, Danaher S, Davenport L, Desilets R, Dietz S, Dodson K, Doup L, Ferriera S, Garg N, Gluecksmann A, Hart B, Haynes J, Haynes C, Heiner C, Hladun S, Hostin D, Houck J, Howland T, Ibegwam C, Johnson J, Kalush F, Kline L, Koduru S, Love A, Mann F, May D, McCawley S, McIntosh T, McMullen I, Moy M, Moy L, Murphy B, Nelson K, Pfannkoch C, Pratts E, Puri V, Qureshi H, Reardon M, Rodriguez R, Rogers YH, Romblad D, Ruhfel B, Scott R, Sitter C, Smallwood M, Stewart E, Strong R, Suh E, Thomas R, Tint NN, Tse S, Vech C, Wang G, Wetter J, Williams S, Williams M, Windsor S, Winn-Deen E, Wolfe K, Zaveri J, Zaveri K, Abril JF, Guigó R, Campbell MJ, Sjolander KV, Karlak B, Kejariwal A, Mi H, Lazareva B, Hatton T, Narechania A, Diemer K, Muruganujan A, Guo N, Sato S, Bafna V, Istrail S, Lippert R, Schwartz R, Walenz B, Yooseph S, Allen D, Basu A, Baxendale J, Blick L, Caminha M, Carnes-Stine J, Caulk P, Chiang YH, Coyne M, Dahlke C, Mays A, Dombroski M, Donnelly M, Ely D, Esparham S, Fosler C, Gire H, Glanowski S, Glasser K, Glodek A, Gorokhov M, Graham K, Gropman B, Harris M, Heil J, Henderson S, Hoover J, Jennings D, Jordan C, Jordan J, Kasha J, Kagan L, Kraft C, Levitsky A, Lewis M, Liu X, Lopez J, Ma D, Majoros W, McDaniel J, Murphy S, Newman M, Nguyen T, Nguyen N, Nodell M, Pan S, Peck J, Peterson M, Rowe W, Sanders R, Scott J, Simpson M, Smith T, Sprague A, Stockwell T, Turner R, Venter E, Wang M, Wen M, Wu D, Wu M, Xia A, Zandieh A, Zhu X | display-authors = 6 | title = The sequence of the human genome | journal = Science | volume = 291 | issue = 5507 | pages = 1304–51 | date = February 2001 | pmid = 11181995 | pmc = | doi = 10.1126/science.1058040 | bibcode = 2001Sci...291.1304V | authorlink1 = Craig Venter }}</ref>

|El genoma de vertebrado más pequeño conocido se estima que es 340 Mb<ref>{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Roest Crollius H, Jaillon O, Dasilva C, Ozouf-Costaz C, Fizames C, Fischer C, Bouneau L, Billault A, Quetier F, Saurin W, Bernot A, Weissenbach J | title = Characterization and repeat analysis of the compact genome of the freshwater pufferfish Tetraodon nigroviridis | journal = Genome Research | volume = 10 | issue = 7 | pages = 939–49 | date = July 2000 | pmid = 10899143 | pmc = 310905 | doi = 10.1101/gr.10.7.939 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthorsautores = Jaillon O, Aury JM, Brunet F, Petit JL, Stange-Thomann N, Mauceli E, Bouneau L, Fischer C, Ozouf-Costaz C, Bernot A, Nicaud S, Jaffe D, Fisher S, Lutfalla G, Dossat C, Segurens B, Dasilva C, Salanoubat M, Levy M, Boudet N, Castellano S, Anthouard V, Jubin C, Castelli V, Katinka M, Vacherie B, Biémont C, Skalli Z, Cattolico L, Poulain J, De Berardinis V, Cruaud C, Duprat S, Brottier P, Coutanceau JP, Gouzy J, Parra G, Lardier G, Chapple C, McKernan KJ, McEwan P, Bosak S, Kellis M, Volff JN, Guigó R, Zody MC, Mesirov J, Lindblad-Toh K, Birren B, Nusbaum C, Kahn D, Robinson-Rechavi M, Laudet V, Schachter V, Quétier F, Saurin W, Scarpelli C, Wincker P, Lander ES, Weissenbach J, Roest Crollius H | display-authors = 6 | title = Genome duplication in the teleost fish Tetraodon nigroviridis reveals the early vertebrate proto-karyotype | journal = Nature | volume = 431 | issue = 7011 | pages = 946–57 | date = October 2004 | pmid = 15496914 | doi = 10.1038/nature03025 | bibcode = 2004Natur.431..946J }}</ref> – 385 Mb.<ref>{{cite web|title=Tetraodon Project Information|url=http://www.broadinstitute.org/annotation/tetraodon/background.html|access-date=17 October 2012|deadurl=yes|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120926160058/http://www.broadinstitute.org/annotation/tetraodon/background.html|archive-date=26 September 2012|df=dmy-all}}</ref>