Diferencia entre revisiones de «Haplogrupo E (ADN-Y)»

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'''E1b1a''' ('''V38'''/TSC0077541) es casi exclusivo y mayoritario en el '''[[África subsahariana]]'''.
 
* '''E1b1a1''' ('''P1'''/PN1, '''M2'''/DYS271/SY81, '''M180''', '''M291''' y 262261 marcadores más), antes '''E3a''', es predominante en hablantes de '''[[lenguas nigero-congoleñas]]''', tiene la mayor diversidad y alta frecuencia en '''[[África Occidental]]''' (80 %).<ref name="Sims2007" /> Es también mayoritario en la población [[Negro (persona)|negra]] de [[América]], encontrándose en '''[[afroamericanos]]''' de EE.UU. un 62 %<ref>Hammer, Michael F. et al 2005, [http://www.familytreedna.com/pdf/HammerFSIinpress.pdf Population structure of Y chromosome SNP haplogroups in the United States and forensic implications for constructing Y chromosome STR databases] {{Wayback|url=http://www.familytreedna.com/pdf/HammerFSIinpress.pdf# |date=20170110080953 }}</ref> y tiene menores frecuencias en Norte de África, Cuerno de África y Cercano Oriente. Alta frecuencia en los [[Confederación Bamileke|bamilekes]] con 100 %,<ref name=Luis04>Luis, J.R.; D. J. Rowold (2004 March). "The Levant versus the Horn of Africa: Evidence for Bidirectional Corridors of Human Migrations". The American Society of Human Genetics 74 (3): 532–44. doi:10.1086/382286. PMID 14973781. PMID 14973781. PMC 1182266.</ref> en los [[Idioma nande|nande]] 100 %, [[ewé]] 97 %, ga 97 %, [[fante]] 84 %, [[ovambo]] 82 %, [[baganda]] 77 %, [[hereros]] 71 %,<ref name="Wood">Elizabeth T Wood, Daryn A Stover, Christopher Ehret et al., "Contrasting patterns of Y chromosome and mtDNA variation in Africa: evidence for sex-biased demographic processes," European Journal of Human Genetics (2005) 13, 867–876. (cf. Appendix A: Y Chromosome Haplotype Frequencies)</ref> [[yorubas]] 93%,<ref>The International HapMap Consortium, [https://www.nature.com/articles/nature04226.pdf A haplotype map of the human genome]. Vol 437|27 October 2005|doi:10.1038/nature04226</ref> en pueblos [[bantoide]]s del sur de [[Camerún]] como bamilekes, ewondo y bakaka promedia 93 %, en [[fulani]]s s de [[Burkina Faso]] 90 %,<ref name=Cruciani02/> en [[igbos]] 89 %, en hablantes de [[Lenguas del río Cross|lenguas Cross]] de Nigeria 87%,<ref name=Veeramah10>Veeramah, Krishna R et al. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2867817/ “Little genetic differentiation as assessed by uniparental markers in the presence of substantial language variation in peoples of the Cross River region of Nigeria.”] BMC evolutionary biology vol. 10 92. 31 Mar. 2010, doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-92</ref> en [[mandinga]]s 87 %,<ref name="Rosa"/> en [[bantúes]] de [[Gabón]] 86%,<ref>Gemma Berniell-Lee, Francesc Calafell, Elena Bosch, Evelyne Heyer, Lucas Sica, Patrick Mouguiama-Daouda, Lolke van der Veen, Jean-Marie Hombert, Lluis Quintana-Murci, David Comas, [https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/26/7/1581/1123707# Genetic and Demographic Implications of the Bantu Expansion: Insights from Human Paternal Lineages], Molecular Biology and Evolution, Volume 26, Issue 7, July 2009, Pages 1581–1589, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msp069</ref> en [[Senegal]] 81 %,<ref>Semino et al. (2002) "Ethiopians and Khoisan share the deepest clades of the human Y-chromosome phylogeny". Am J Hum Genet 70:265–268</ref> en [[Bijagós]] 76 %, [[balanta]]s 73 %, [[fulani]]s 73 %, nalúes 71 %,<ref name="Rosa"/> en los [[luo]] 66 %,<ref name="Wood"/> [[wólof]] 68 %, [[zulúes]] 55 % y [[xhosa]]s 54 %.<ref name="Wood"/> En [[Madagascar]] es el principal linaje con 35 %,<ref>Matthew E. Hurles et al 2005, [http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=MImg&_imagekey=B8JDD-4RDPT5M-M-7&_cdi=43612&_user=10&_pii=S0002929707607368&_coverDate=05%2F31%2F2005&_sk=%23TOC%2343612%232005%23999239994%23677402%23FLA%23display%23Volume_76,_Issue_5,_Pages_i-ii,_717-910_(May_2005)%23tagged%23Volume%23first%3D76%23Issue%23first%3D5%23date%23(May_2005)%23&view=c&_gw=y&wchp=dGLzVzz-zSkzS&md5=658d5f50911fdb15232ba939d3ee40b1&ie=/sdarticle.pdf The Dual Origin of the Malagasy in Island Southeast Asia and East Africa: Evidence from Maternal and Paternal Lineages]</ref> encontrándose en los tandroy de [[Androy]] 70 %, antanosy de [[Anosy]] 49 %, merina de [[Provincia de Antananarivo|Antananarivo]] 44 % y antaisaka de [[Atsimo-Atsinanana]] 37.5%.<ref>Sergio Tofanelli, Stefania Bertoncini, Loredana Castrì, Donata Luiselli, Francesc Calafell, Giuseppe Donati, Giorgio Paoli, [https://academic.oup.com/mbe/article/26/9/2109/1197149 On the Origins and Admixture of Malagasy: New Evidence from High-Resolution Analyses of Paternal and Maternal Lineages], Molecular Biology and Evolution, Volume 26, Issue 9, September 2009, Pages 2109–2124, https://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msp120</ref> En América es frecuente en [[Las Bahamas]] con 59%.<ref>Simms, Tanya M, [https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/dissertations/AAI3472063 "The peopling of the Bahamas: A phylogeographical perspective"] (2011). ProQuest ETD Collection for FIU. AAI3472063.</ref>
** E-FT183: En [[Arabia Saudita]]<ref name=yfull21/>[[Archivo:Predominant Haplogroups.png|thumb|225px|right|De acuerdo con el ADN cromosómico Y, África presenta dos áreas principales, una subsahariana con predomino de E1b1a y una mediterránea con predominio de E1b1b.]]
** E-Y1705