Diferencia entre revisiones de «Parapsicología»

La '''parapsicología''' es el estudio de los supuestos fenómenos [[psíquicos]] ([[percepción extrasensorial]], [[telepatía]], [[precognición]], [[clarividencia]], [[Telequinesis|psicoquinesis]] y [[psicometría]]) y otras afirmaciones paranormales, por ejemplo relacionadas con experiencias cercanas a la muerte, sincronización, experiencias aparicionales, entre otras.<ref name="Stuckrad 2007">{{cite encyclopedia|author-last=Schmidt|author-first=Joachim|contribution=Parapsychology|year=2007|title=The Brill Dictionary of Religion|editor-last=von Stuckrad|editor-first=Kocku|editor-link=Kocku von Stuckrad|location=[[Leiden]] and [[Boston]]|publisher=[[Brill Publishers]]|doi=10.1163/1872-5287_bdr_COM_00339|isbn=9789004124332}}</ref> Se considera una pseudociencia y es rechazada por la gran mayoría de la [[comunidad científica]].<ref name="AlcockSI">{{cite journal|url=https://skepticalinquirer.org/2019/07/why-parapsychological-claims-cannot-be-true/|title=Why parapsychological claims cannot be true|last1=Reber|first1=Arthur|last2=Alcock|first2=James|date=2019|journal=Skeptical Inquirer|volume=43|issue=4|pages=8–10}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first1=Paul R.|last1=Gross|first2=Norman|last2=Levitt|first3=Martin W.|last3=Lewis|title=The Flight from Science and Reason|publisher=[[New York Academy of Sciences]]|location=New York City|date=1996|isbn=978-0801856761|page=[https://archive.org/details/flightfromscienc0000unse_w3d8/page/565 565]|quote=The overwhelming majority of scientists consider parapsychology, by whatever name, to be pseudoscience.|url=https://archive.org/details/flightfromscienc0000unse_w3d8/page/565}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=Michael W.|last=Friedlander|title=At the Fringes of Science|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K8TaAAAAMAAJ|publisher=[[Westview Press]]|location=Boulder, Colorado|date=1998|page=119|isbn=978-0-8133-2200-1|quote=Parapsychology has failed to gain general scientific acceptance even for its improved methods and claimed successes, and it is still treated with a lopsided ambivalence among the scientific community. Most scientists write it off as pseudoscience unworthy of their time.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first1=Massimo|last1=Pigliucci|first2=Maarten|last2=Boudry|title=Philosophy of Pseudoscience: Reconsidering the Demarcation Problem|publisher=[[University Of Chicago Press]]|location=Chicago, Illinois|date=2013|page=158|isbn=978-0-226-05196-3|quote=Many observers refer to the field as a 'pseudoscience'. When mainstream scientists say that the field of parapsychology is not scientific, they mean that no satisfying naturalistic cause-and-effect explanation for these supposed effects has yet been proposed and that the field's experiments cannot be consistently replicated.}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|first=James|last=Alcock|title=Parapsychology-Science Or Magic?: A Psychological Perspective|publisher=[[Pergamon Press]]|location=Oxford, England|date=1981|pages=194–196|isbn=978-0080257730}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Some reasons for not taking parapsychology very seriously|date=1993|journal=[[Dialogue: Canadian Philosophical Review]]|publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]]|volume=32|issue=3|pages=587–594|location=Cambridge, England|doi=10.1017/s0012217300012361|first=Ian|last=Hacking}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|title=Testing for Questionable Research Practices in a Meta-Analysis: An Example from Experimental Parapsychology|last1=Bierman|first1=DJ|last2=Spottiswoode|first2=JP|date=2016|journal=[[PLoS ONE]]|publisher=[[Public Library of Science]]|volume=11|issue=5|pages=e0153049|location=San Francisco, California|bibcode=2016PLoSO..1153049B|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0153049|pmc=4856278|pmid=27144889|quote=We consider [questionable research practices] in the context of a meta-analysis database of Ganzfeld–telepathy experiments from the field of experimental parapsychology. The Ganzfeld database is particularly suitable for this study, because the parapsychological phenomenon it investigates is widely believed to be nonexistent ... results are still significant (p = 0.003) with QRPs.|last3=Bijl|first3=A|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.wired.com/2016/05/thinking-psychic-powers-helps-us-think-science/|title=Thinking About Psychic Powers Helps Us Think About Science|date=May 11, 2016|publisher=[[Condé Nast]]|location=New York City|quote=Today, parapsychology is not taken seriously by most academics.|first=Sean|last=Carroll|magazine=[[WIRED]]}}</ref>