Usuario:TONYchainsaw/Project-Team 2

Bitola (en macedonio: Битола known also by several alternative names) Es una ciudad en el el suroeste de part of the Republic of Macedonia. The city is an administrative, cultural, industrial, commercial, and educational centre. It is located in the southern part of the Pelagonia valley, surrounded by the Baba, Nidže and Kajmakčalan mountain ranges, 14 km north of the Medžitlija-Níki border crossing with Greece. It is an important junction connecting the south of the Adriatic Sea with the Aegean Sea and Central Europe. It has been known since the Ottoman period as "the city of the consuls", since many European countries have consulates in Bitola. Según el censo de 2002, Bitola es la segunda ciudad más grande en el país.​ Bitola is also the seat of the Bitola Municipality. Bitola es una de las ciudades más viejas en el territorio de la República de Macedonia. It was founded as Heraclea Lyncestis in the middle of the 4th century BC by Philip II of Macedon. During the Ottoman rule the city was the last capital of Ottoman Rumelia.

Etymology

According to Adrian Room, the name Bitola is derived from the Old Church Slavonic word ѡ҆би́тѣл҄ь (obitěĺь, meaning "monastery, cloister") as the city was formerly noted for its monastery. When the meaning of the name was no longer understood, it lost its prefix "o-".​ The name Bitola is mentioned in the Bitola inscription, related to the old city fortress built in 1015. Modern Slavic variants include the Macedonian Bitola (Битола), the Serbian Bitolj (Битољ) and Bulgarian Bitolya (Битоля). In Byzantine times, the name was Hellenized to Voutélion (Βουτέλιον) or Vitólia (Βιτώλια), hence the names Butella used by William of Tyre and Butili by the Arab geographer al-Idrisi. The Aromanian name is Bituli.

The Greek name for the city (Monastíri, Μοναστήρι), also meaning "monastery", is a calque of the Slavic name. The Turkish name Manastır (en turco otomano: مناستر‎) is derived from the Greek name, like the Albanian name (Manastir).

Geografía

Bitola is located in the southwestern part of Macedonia. The Dragor River flows through the city. Bitola lies at an elevation of 615 meters above sea level, at the foot of Baba Mountain. Its magnificent Pelister mountain (2601 m) is a national park with exquisite flora and fauna, among which the rarest species of pine, known as Macedonian pine or pinus peuce, as well as a well-known ski resort.

Cubriendo un área de 1798km2. y con una población de 122,173 (1991), Bitola es un importante centro industrial, agrícola, comercial, educativo y cultural. It represents an important junction that connects the Adriatic Sea to the south with the Aegean Sea and Central Europe.

Panorama of Bitola from Krkardaš.

Climate

Parámetros climáticos promedio de Bitola
Mes	Ene.	Feb.	Mar.	Abr.	May.	Jun.	Jul.	Ago.	Sep.	Oct.	Nov.	Dic.	Anual
Temp. máx. abs. (°C)	17	21	23	30	31	37	40	36	33	30	26	19	40
Temp. máx. media (°C)	1	5	10	15	20	24	27	27	23	17	9	4	15
Temp. media (°C)	-1	2	6	11	15	19	21	21	17	12	5	1	11
Temp. mín. media (°C)	-4	-1	2	6	10	13	15	15	11	7	2	-2	6
Temp. mín. abs. (°C)	-29	-26	-16	-2	-1	3	6	6	-1	-6	-12	-26	-29
Precipitación total (mm)	41	38	35	53	48	29	31	29	39	53	66	73	535
Días de precipitaciones (≥ 1 mm)	5	8	11	13	12	8	5	6	7	10	11	8	104
Días de nevadas (≥ 1 mm)	7	6	4	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	6	26
Horas de sol	80.6	106.4	155.0	198.0	251.1	291.0	334.8	313.1	240.0	176.7	111.0	74.4	2332.1
Humedad relativa (%)	81	76	70	65	65	58	54	57	64	70	79	81	68
Fuente: Weatherbase​

Historia

The Catholic Church "Holy Heart of Jesus", on the main street of Bitola.

Prehistoria

Bitola es muy rica en monumentos de la época prehistórica. Dos importantes son Veluška Tumba, y Bara Tumba cerca del pueblo de Porodin. From the Copper Age there are the settlements of Tumba near the village of Crnobuki, Šuplevec near the village of Suvodol, and Visok Rid near the village of Bukri. La Bronze Age está representada por los asentamientos de Tumba cerca de la aldea de Kanino el asentamiento del mismo nombre cerca de la aldea de Karamani.

Ancient and early Byzantine periods

The area of the town is located in ancient Lynkestis, a region of Upper Macedonia, which was ruled by semi-independent chieftains till the later Argead rulers of Macedon. The tribes of Lynkestis were known as Lynkestai. They were a Greek tribe and belonged to the Molossian group of the Epirotes.​​ There are important metal artifacts from the ancient period at the necropolis of Crkvishte near the village of Beranci. A golden earring dating from the 4th century BC is depicted on the obverse of the Macedonian 10 denar banknote, issued in 1996.​

Heraclea Lyncestis (en griego: Ηράκλεια Λυγκηστίς​ - City of Hercules upon the Land of the Lynx) was an important settlement from the Hellenistic period till the early Middle Ages. It was founded by Philip II of Macedon by the middle of the 4th century BC, and named after the Greek demigod Heracles, whom Philip considered his ancestor. With its strategic location, it became a prosperous city. The Romans conquered this part of Macedon in 148 BC and destroyed the political power of the city. However, its prosperity continued mainly due to the Roman Via Egnatia road which passed near the city. Several monuments from the Roman times remain in Heraclea, including a portico, thermae (baths), an amphitheater and a number of basilicas. The theatre was once capable of housing an audience of around 3,000 people.

In the early Byzantine period (4th to 6th centuries AD) Heraclea was an important episcopal centre. Some of its bishops were mentioned in the acts of the Church Councils, including Bishop Evagrius of Heraclea in the Acts of the Sardica Council of 343 AD. A small and a great (Large) basilica, the bishop's residence, and a funeral basilica near the necropolis are some of the remains of this period. Three naves in the Great Basilica are covered with mosaics of very rich floral and figurative iconography; these well preserved mosaics are often regarded as fine examples of the early Christian art period. During the 4th and 6th centuries, the names of other bishops from Heraclea were recorded. The city was sacked by Ostrogothic forces, commanded by Theodoric the Great in 472 and, despite a large gift to him from the city's bishop, it was sacked again in 479. It was restored in the late 5th and early 6th centuries. In the late 6th century the city suffered successive attacks by Slavic tribes and was gradually abandoned.

Middle Ages

In the 6th and 7th centuries, the region around Bitola experienced a demographic shift as more and more Slavic tribes settled in the area. In place of the deserted theater, several houses were built during that time. The Slavs also built a fortress around their settlement. Bitola became a part of the First Bulgarian Empire from late in the 8th to early 11th centuries. The spread of Christianity was assisted by St. Clement of Ohrid and Naum of Preslav in the 9th and early 10th centuries. Many monasteries and churches were built in the city.

In the 10th century, Bitola was under the rule of the Bulgarian Tsar Samuil. He built a castle in the town, later used by his successor Gavril Radomir of Bulgaria. The town is mentioned in several medieval sources. John Skylitzes's 11th-century chronicle mentions that Emperor Basil II burned Gavril's castles in Bitola, when passing through and ravaging Pelagonia. The second chrysobull (1019) of Basil II mentioned that the Bishop of Bitola depended on the Archbishopric of Ohrid. During the reign of Samuil, the city was an important centre in the Bulgarian state and the seat of the Bitola Bishopric. In many medieval sources, especially Western, the name Pelagonia was synonymous with the Bitola Bishopric, and in some of them Bitola was known under the name of Heraclea due to the church tradition that turned the Heraclea Bishopric into the Pelagonian Metropolitan's Diocese. In 1015, Tsar Gavril Radomir was killed by his cousin Ivan Vladislav, who declared himself tsar and rebuilt the city fortress. To celebrate the occasion, a stone inscription written in the Cyrillic alphabet was set in the fortress; in it the Slavic name of the city is mentioned: Bitol.

Following battles with the Tsar Ivan Vladislav, Byzantine emperor Basil II recaptured Monastiri in 1015. The town is mentioned as an episcopal centre in 1019 in a record by Basil II. Two important uprisings against Byzantine rule took place in the Bitola area in 1040 and 1072. After the Bulgarian state was restored in the late 11th century, Bitola was incorporated under the rule of Tsar Kaloyan of Bulgaria. It was conquered again by Byzantium at the end of the 13th century, but it became part of Serbia in the first half of the 14th century, after the conquests of Stefan Dušan.

As a military, political and cultural center, Bitola played a very important role in the life of the medieval society in the region, prior to the Ottoman conquest in the mid-14th century. On the eve of the Ottoman conquest, Bitola (Monastir in Ottoman Turkish) experienced great growth with its well-established trading links all over the Balkan Peninsula, especially with big economic centers like Constantinople, Thessalonica, Ragusa and Tarnovo. Caravans of various goods moved to and from Bitola.

Ottoman rule

Bitola in the 19th century

Greek school in Bitola, late 19th to early 20th century

From 1382 to 1912, Manastır (now Bitola) was part of the Ottoman Empire. Fierce battles took place near the city during the arrival of Turkish forces. Turkish rule was completely established after the death of Prince Marko in 1395 when Ottoman Empire established the Sanjak of Ohrid as a part of the Rumelia Eyalet and one of earliest established sanjaks in Europe.​ Before it became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1395 its initial territory belonged to the realm of Prince Marko.​​ Initially its county town was Bitola and later it was Ohrid, so it was initially sometimes referred to as Sanjak of Monastir or Sanjak of Bitola.​

For several centuries, Turks were a majority in this city, while the villages were populated mostly with Slavs. Evliya Çelebi says in his Book of Travels that the city had 70 mosques, several coffee-tea rooms, a bazaar (market) with iron gates and 900 shops. Manastır became a sanjak centre in the Rumelia Eyalet (Ottoman province).

After the Austro-Ottoman wars, the trade development and the overall thriving of the city was stifled. But in late 19th century, it again it became the second-biggest city in the wider southern Balkan region after Salonica. The city is also known as "city of consuls", because 12 diplomatic consuls resided here from 1878 to 1913.

In 1874, Manastır became the center of Monastir Vilayet which included the sanjaks of Debra, Serfidze, Elbasan, Manastır (Bitola), Görice and towns of Kırcaova, Pirlepe, Florina, Kesriye and Grevena.

Traditionally a strong trading center, Bitola is also known as "the city of the consuls". At one time during the Ottoman rule, Bitola had consulates from twelve countries. During the same period, there were a number of prestigious schools in the city, including a military academy that, among others, was attended by the famous Turkish reformer Kemal Atatürk. Bitola was also the headquarters of many cultural organizations that were established at that time.

Typical neoclassical architecture from the 19th century

There are opposing ethnographic data from that period, but it appears that no specific ethnic or religious group could claim an absolute majority of the population. According to the 1911 Ottoman census, Greeks were the largest Christian population in the vilayet, with 740,000 Greeks, 517,000 Bulgarians and 1,061,000 Muslims in the vilayets of Selanik (Thessaloniki) and Manastır. However, it should be noted that the basis of the Ottoman censuses was the millet system. People were assigned an ethnicity according to their religion. So all Sunni Muslims were categorised as Turks, although many of them were Albanians, and all members of the Greek Orthodox church as Greeks, although their numbers included a vast majority of Aromanians, South Albanians,​​ and some Macedonian Slavs. The rest were divided between Bulgarian and Serb Orthodox churches.​

Bitola’s population itself was very various. It numbered some 50,000 at the end of the 19th century. There were around 7,000 Aromanians most of whom fully embraced the Hellenist ideas, although many of them joined the Romanian idea. Bitola also had significant Muslim population - 11,000 (Turks, Roma, and Albanians) as well Jewish commununity - 5,200. The Slavic-speakers were divided between the Bulgarian Exarchate - 8,000, and the Greek Patriarchate - 6,300.​

In 1894, Manastır was connected with Selanik by train. The first motion picture made in the Balkans was recorded by the Aromanian Manakis brothers in Manastır in 1903. In their honour, the annual Manaki Brothers International Film Camera Festival is held in modern Bitola.

In November 1905, the Secret Committee for the Liberation of Albania, a secret organization to fight for the liberation of Albania from the Ottoman Empire, was founded by Bajo Topulli and other Albanian nationalists and intellectuals.​ Three years later, the Congress of Manastir of 1908 which defined the modern Albanian alphabet was held in the city.​

Ilinden Uprising

Street in Bitola in 1914

The Bitola region was a stronghold of the Ilinden Uprising. The uprising was started as decided in 1903 in Thessaloniki by the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO). The uprising in the Bitola region was planned in Smilevo village in May 1903. The battles were fought in the villages of Bistrica, Rakovo, Buf, Skocivir, Paralovo, Brod, Novaci, Smilevo, Gjavato, Capari and others. Smilevo was defended by 600 rebels led by Dame Gruev and Georgi Sugarev, but when they were defeated, villages were burned.

Balkan wars

In 1912, Montenegro, Serbia, Bulgaria and Greece fought the Ottomans in the First Balkan War. According to the Treaty of Bucharest, 1913, the region of Macedonia was divided in 3 parts among Greeks, Serbs and Bulgarians. Bitola was to be in Bulgaria, according to a pre-war alliance agreement between Bulgaria and Serbia. But the Serbian army entered the city and refused to hand it to Bulgaria. From that moment, the city started to lose its importance and the population started rapidly decreasing, emigrating outside Macedonia and to the New World.

German Vivat ribbon commemorating the taking of Monastir by Bulgarian forces in 1915

World War I

During World War I Bitola was on the Thessaloniki front line. In 1915 Bulgarian forces took the city and the Serb forces were forced to either surrender or try a dangerous escape through the Albanian mountains. In 1916, Bitola was occupied by the Allied Powers, which entered the city from the South, fighting the Bulgarian army. Bitola was divided into French, Russian, Italian and Serbian regions, under the command of French general Maurice Sarrail. Until Bulgaria's surrender in late autumn 1918, Bitola remained a front line city and was almost every day bombarded by airplanes and battery and suffered almost total destruction.

World War II

During the World War II (1941–1945), the Germans and later Bulgarians took control of the city. But in September 1944, Bulgaria switched sides in the war and withdrew from Yugoslavia, and Bitola was freed by Macedonian pro-Titoist Partisans. On 4 November, the 7th Macedonian Liberation Brigade entered Bitola victoriously. After the end of the war, a Macedonian state was established for the first time in modern history, within Yugoslavia. This had cost about 25,000 human lives. In 1945, the first Gymnasium (named "Josip Broz Tito") to use the Macedonian language, was opened in Bitola.

Jewish community

Véanse también: History of the Jews in the Republic of Macedonia e History of the Jews in Monastir.

After the Expulsion of 1492, Spanish-speaking Jews, harassed and persecuted by the Inquisition, were invited by Sultan Bayezid II to the Ottoman territories and arrived in waves from the Iberian peninsula (Spain and Portugal). A majority settled in Salonika, but a large community grew in Monastir and made up over ten percent of the city's population in 1900. The local Jewish population referred to themselves as Monastirli, and a Monastirli synagogue exists to this day in modern Thessaloniki.​

There was little evidence of anti-Semitism among other local communities. The Jews and the Aromanians were the only communities who did not make a national claim on Macedonian territory and were generally seen as neutral in these disputes.

Most Jews of Monastir were murdered during the Holocaust, and at present none remain in the city.​

Many descendants of the Jewish community of Monastir made their way during the 20th century to the United States in Indianapolis, Indiana, and Rochester, New York, and to Santiago de Chile, Chile.​

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Vistas principales

La ciudad tiene muchos edificios que datan de muchos períodos históricos. Las mas notables son de la Ottoman age, pero hay algunos del pasado mas reciente.

Širok Sokak

Širok Sokak (en macedonio: Широк Сокак, meaning "Wide Alley") is a long pedestrian street that runs from Magnolia Square to the City Park.

Traditional architecture in Bitola

Clock Tower

The clock tower in Bitola.

Magnolia Square

Turkish bath

St. Demetrius Church in Bitola

It is unknown when Bitola's clock tower was built. Written sources from the 16th century mention a clock tower, but it is not clear if it is the same one. Some believe it was built at the same time as St. Dimitrija Church, in 1830. Legend says that the Ottoman authorities collected around 60,000 eggs from nearby villages and mixed them in the mortar to make the walls stronger.

The tower has a rectangular base and is about 30 meters high. Near the top is a rectangular terrace with an iron fence. On each side of the fence is an iron console construction which holds the lamps for lighting the clock. The clock is on the highest of three levels. The original clock was replaced during World War II with a working one, given by the Nazis because the city had maintained German graves from World War I. The massive tower is composed of walls, massive spiral stairs, wooden mezzanine constructions, pendentives and the dome. During the construction of the tower, the façade was simultaneously decorated with simple stone plastic.

Church of Saint Demetrius

The Church of Saint Demetrius was built in 1830 with voluntary contributions of local merchants and craftsmen. It is plain on the outside, as all churches in the Ottoman Empire had to be, but of rare beauty inside, lavishly decorated with chandeliers, a carved bishop throne and an engraved iconostasis. According to some theories, the iconostasis is a work of the Mijak engravers. Its most impressive feature is the arc above the imperial quarters with modeled figures of Jesus and the apostles.

Other engraved wood items include the bishop's throne made in the spirit of Mijak engravers, several icon frames and five more-recent pillars shaped like thrones. The frescoes originate from two periods: the end of the 19th century, and the end of World War I to the present. The icons and frescoes were created thanks to voluntary contributions of local businessmen and citizens. The authors of many of the icons had a vast knowledge of iconography schemes of the New Testament. The icons show a great sense of color, dominated by red, green and ochra shades. The abundance of golden ornaments is noticeable and points to the presence of late-Byzantine artwork and baroque style. The icon of Saint Demetrius is signed with the initials "D. A. Z.", showing that it was made by iconographer Dimitar Andonov the zograph in 1889. There are many other items, including the chalices made by local masters, a darohranilka of Russian origin, and several paintings of scenes from the New Testament, brought from Jerusalem by pilgrims.

The opening scenes of the film The Peacemaker were shot in the "St. Dimitrija" church in Bitola, as well as some Welcome to Sarajevo scenes.

Heraclea Lyncestis

Heraclea Lyncestis (en macedonio: Хераклеа Линкестис) was an important ancient settlement from the Hellenistic period till the early Middle Ages. It was founded by Philip II of Macedon by the middle of the 4th century BC. Today, its ruins fall in the southern part of Bitola, 2km from the city center.

The covered bazaar

The Monastir bazaar in 1914

Situated near the city centre, the covered bazaar (en macedonio: Bezisten, Безистен) is one of the most impressive and oldest buildings in Bitola from the Turkish period. With its numerous cupolas that look like a fortress, with its tree-branch-like inner streets and four big metal doors it is one of the biggest covered markets in the region.

It was built in the 15th century by the Rumelian Beglerbey, the Grand Vizier and the famous donor Kara Daut Pasha Uzuncarsili. Although this object looks very secure, many times during its existence it was robbed and set on fire, but it managed to endure. The Bezisten, from the 15th to the 19th centuries, was rebuilt and many stores, often changing over time, were located there. Most of them were selling textile and other luxurious fabrics. In the same time the Bezisten was a treasury, where in specially made small rooms the money from the whole Rumelian Vilaet was kept, before it was transferred in the royal treasury. In the Bezisten in the 19th century there were a total of 84 stores. Today most of them are contemporary and they sell different types of products, but no matter what the internal transformations, the outer appearance stayed unchanged.

Ajdar-kadi mosque

The Ajdar-kadi (Turkish judge) Mosque is one of the most attractive monuments of Islamic architecture in Bitola. It was built in the early 1560s, as the project of the famous architect Mimar Sinan, ordered by the Bitola kadija Ajdar-kadi. Over time, it was abandoned and heavily damaged, but recent restoration and conservation has restored to some extent its original appearance.

Jeni Mosque

Jeni Mosque

The Jeni Mosque is located in the center of the city. It has a square base, topped with a dome. Near the mosque is a minaret, 40 m high. Today, the mosque's rooms house permanent and temporary art exhibitions. Recent archaeological excavations have revealed that it has been built upon an old church.

Ishak Çelebi Mosque

The Ishak Çelebi Mosque is the inheritance of the kadi Ishak Çelebi. In its spacious yard are several tombs, attractive because of the soft, molded shapes of the sarcophagi.

The old bazaar

The old bazaar (Macedonian: Стара Чаршија) is mentioned in a description of the city from the 16th and the 17th centuries. The present bezisten does not differ much in appearance from the original one. The bezisten had eighty-six shops and four large iron gates. The shops used to sell textiles, and today sell food products.

Deboj Bath

The Deboj Bath is a Turkish bath (hamam). It is not known when exactly it was constructed. At one point, it was heavily damaged, but after repairs it regained its original appearance: a beautiful façade, two large domes and several minor ones.

Bitola el día de hoy

The lions in their cage at Bitola zoo

Bitola es el centro económico e industrial de Macedonia suroeste. Muchas de las empresas más grandes del país tienen su sede en la ciudad. The Pelagonia agricultural combine is the largest producer of food in the country. El sistema de agua Streževo es el más grande de la República de Macedonia y cuenta con las mejores instalaciones tecnológicas. Las tres centrales termoeléctricas de REK Bitola producen casi el 80% de la electricidad en el estado. The Frinko refrigerate factory was a leading electrical and metal company. Bitola también tiene una importante capacidad en las industrias textiles y de alimentos.

Bitola es también el hogar de doce consulados, lo que da a la ciudad el sobrenombre de "la ciudad de los cónsules".

Consulados generales

• BulgariaBulgaria (desde 2006)
• Grecia Grecia (desde 2006)

Consulados honorarios

• Austria (desde 2014)​
• Bosnia y HerzegovinaBosnia y Herzegovina (desde 2014)​
• Francia (desde 1996)
• HungríaHungría (desde 2012)​
• Montenegro Montenegro (desde 2008)
• Rumania Rumania (desde 2007)
• Rusia Rusia (desde 2001)
• SerbiaSerbia (desde 2007)
• TurquíaTurquía (desde 1998)
• Ucrania Ucrania (desde 2011)​

Antiguos consulados

•  Croacia (2006-2014)​
• EsloveniaEslovenia (2005-2014)​
• Reino UnidoReino Unido (2000-2014)​

Also, Albania​ and Italy​ expressed interest in opening a consulate in Bitola.

Media

There are two Bitola Television Stations: Tera and Orbis, two regional radio stations: the private Radio 105, Aktuel Bombarder and Radio Delfin as well as a local weekly newspaper — Bitolski Vesnik.

City Council

The composition of the council:
     Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity (17)
     Social Democratic Union of Macedonia (9)
     Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization – People's Party (2)
     Liberal Democratic Party of Macedonia (2)
     Party of United Democrats of Macedonia (1)

The Bitola Municipality Council (en macedonio: Совет на Општина Битола) is the governing body of the city and municipality of Bitola. The city council approves and rejects projects that would have place inside the municipality given by its members and the Mayor of Bitola. The Council consists of representatives of citizens elected by direct and free elections. The number of members of the council shall be determined according to the number of residents in the community and can not be less than nine nor more than 33 members. Accordingly the number of residents, the Council of Bitola municipality is composed of 31 councilors. Council members are elected for a term of four years.

Council members represent the citizens and the council makes decisions on their own beliefs. Member of the council may not be revoked. Led by the Municipal Council president. President of the Council shall be elected from among the members of the council, for a term of four years. Council president is the candidate who receives a majority of votes of the total number of council members. Council of the Municipality of Bitola in office 2009 - 2013 consists of representatives of five political parties: VMRO-DPMNE - 17, SDSM - 9, VMRO-NP - 2, PODEM - 1 and Liberal Democratic Party of Macedonia - 2.

Examining matters within its competence, the Council set up committees. Council committees are formed as permanent and temporary.

Permanent committees of the Council:

• Finance and Budget Committee;
• Commission for Public Utilities;
• Committee on Urban Planning, public works and environmental protection;
• Commission for social activities;
• Commission for local government;
• Commission to mark holidays, events and award certificates and awards;

Deportes

Los deportes más populares en Bitola son Fútbol y balonmano.

El principal equipo de fútbol es FK Pelister y juegan en el Tumbe Kafe Stadium que tiene una capacidad de 8,000 espectadores. Gjorgji Hristov, Dragan Kanatlarovski, Toni Micevski, Nikolče Noveski, Toni Savevski y Mitko Stojkovski son algunos de los famosos jugadores nativos de Bitola en comenzar su carrera con el equipo.

El principal club de balonmano y equipó deportivo de Bitola es RK Pelister. RK Bitola es el segundo club del país y la ciudad, ambos equipos juegan en el Sports Hall Mladost.

En la segunda división de Macedonia, compite el FK Novaci, que se encuentra en la región de Bitola.

Todos los equipos deportivos bajo el nombre Pelister son apoyados por los fans conocidos como Čkembari.

Demografía

Grupos étnicos

Según el censo de 1948, Bitola tenía 30.761 habitantes. El 77,2% (o 23.734 habitantes) eran Macedonios, el 11,5% (o 3.543 habitantes) eran Turcos, el 4,3% (o 1.327 habitantes) eran Albaneses, , el 3% (o 912 habitantes) eran Serbios y el 1.3% (o 402 habitantes) eran Arumanos. A partir de 2002, la ciudad de Bitola tiene 74.550 habitantes y la composición étnica es la siguiente:​

Religión

The seat of Prespa- Pelagonia diocese of the Macedonian Orthodox Church - Ohrid Archbishopric in Bitola

Bitola es una ciudad obispado y la sede de la Diócesis de Prespa-Pelagonia. En la World War II En la Segunda Guerra Mundial la diócesis fue nombrada Ohrid-Bitola. Con la restauración de la autocefalía de la Macedonian Orthodox Church en 1967, obtuvo su nombre actual, Prespa-Pelagonia, diócesis que abarca las siguientes regiones y ciudades: Bitola, Resen, Prilep, Krusevo y Demir Hisar.

El primer obispo de la diócesis (1958 - 1979) fue el Sr. Clemente. El segundo y actual obispo y administrador de la diócesis, responsable como obispo desde 1981 es el Sr. Petar. La diócesis Prespa-Pelagonia tiene cerca de 500 iglesias y monasterios. En los últimos diez años en la diócesis se han construido, o se están construyendo, alrededor de 40 iglesias y 140 edificios de la iglesia. La diócesis tiene dos iglesias museo, la catedral "San Mártir Demetrio" en Bitola y en la Iglesia "San Juan" en Krusevo, y exposición permanente de íconos y bibliotecas en el edificio de la sede de la diócesis. El edificio sede fue construido entre 1901 y 1902 y es uno de los más bellos ejemplos de la arquitectura barroca. Además de la Iglesia Ortodoxa de Macedonia dominante, en Bitola hay otros grupos religiosos muy importantes, como la Islamic community, la Roman Catholic Church y otros.

• Bitola's Cathedral of the Sacred Heart of Jesus is the co-cathedral of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Skopje.

Cultura

Festival Manaki de Filme y Cámara

Es el festival de filme antiguo en el mundo, el cual tiene un valor en el trabajo cinematográfico. En memoria del primer fotógrafo en Balkans, Milton Manaki, cada septiembre el festival de filme y fotografía "Brothers Manaki" es llevado a cabo. Es una combinación de documentales y filmes extensos que son mostrados. El festival es un evento de clase mundial y es algo que hay que ver. Cada año, el festival trae actores reconocidos del mundo incluyendo Catherine Deneuve, Isabelle Huppert, Victoria Abril, Predrag Manojlovic, Michael York.

The Magaza, una galería en el centro de la ciudad.

Ilindenski Denovi

Cada año, el festival popular tradicional “Ilinden Days” se lleva a cabo en Bitola. Es un festival de 4-5 días de música, canciones y danzas, que son dedicados a la sublevación de Ilinden contra los turcos, donde la mayor concentración es ubicada en la cultura popular de Macedonia. Danzas folclóricas y canciones son presentadas por muchos grupos folclóricos y organizaciones, que forman parte de esta.

Pequeño Monmartre de Bitola

En los últimos años, las manifestaciones de arte “Small Monmartre of Bitola” ó “Pequeño Monmartre de Bitola”, organizado por el estudio de arte “Kiril ando Metodij”, se ha convertido en un festival exitoso de arte para niños. Los niños provenientes de todo el mundo vienen a expresar su imaginación a través del arte, creando arte importante y sin precio, que es presentado en el país y alrededor del mundo. “Small Monmartre” es un ganador de numerosos premios y nominaciones.

Bitolino

Bitolino es un festival de teatro para niños anualmente llevado a cabo en agosto con el Teatro Babec. Cada año los profesores de teatro de los niños de todo el mundo participan en el festival. El principal premio es el gran Prix, a la mejor representación.

Si-Do

Cada mayo, Bitola es el anfitrión del festival internacional de la canción de niños Si-Do, el cual en años recientes ha ganado mucha popularidad. Niños de toda Europa participan en este evento, usualmente consiste alrededor de 20 canciones. Este festival es financiado por ProMedia, el cual organiza el evento con un nuevo tema cada año. Muchos músicos de Macedonia han participado en el festival incluyendo: Next Time and Karolina Goceva quienes representaron a Macedonia en el Eurovision Song Contest.

Festival de música clásica Interfest

Es un festival internacional dedicado principalmente a la música clásica, donde muchos artistas creativos y reproductivos de todo el mundo asisten. Además de los concierto de música clásica, también hay algunas noches para música pop-moderna, obras de teatro, exhibiciones de arte, y un día para presentaciones de literatura durante el evento. En los últimos años ha estado artistas de Rusia, Eslovaquia, Polonia,y de muchos otros países. Por la razón que Bitola es llamada la ciudad con la mayoría de los pianos, hay una noche del festival que es dedicada a los concursos de piano. Un premio se otorga a la mejor joven pianista y otro para los competidores menores de 30 años.

Festival de Akto

El festival de Akto de arte contemporáneo es un evento regional. El festival incluye artes visuales, representaciones de arte (artes escénicas), música y teoría de la cultura. El primer festival de Akto fue llevado a cabo en 2006. El objetivo del festival es abrir los marcos culturales de una sociedad moderna a través de la “recomposición” y redefinición de ellos en un nuevo contexto. En el pasado, el festival contó con artistas de países de la región como Eslovenia, Grecia o Bulgaria, pero también de Alemania, Italia, Francia y Austria.

Festival Internacional de Monadrama

Es un festival anual celebrado en abril organizado por el Centro Cultural de Bitola. Cada año varios actores del mundo asisten a Bitola para representar modramas.

Lokum fest

Es un evento cultural auténtico y turístico, que ha existido desde 2007. Creados y organizadores del festival es la asociación de ciudadanos del Centro Cultura de Descontaminación de Bitola. El festival es celebrado cada año a mediados de julio en el corazón del viejo Bazar Turco en Bitola, como parte del verano cultural del país.

Educación

St. Clement of Ohrid University of Bitola (en macedonio: Универзитет Св. Климент Охридски — Битола) fue fundada en 1979, Como resultado de dispersos procesos que ocurrieron con la educación en década de los 70s, la creciente demanda de profesionales altamente cualificados fuera de la capital del país. Desde 1994, ha llevado el nombre del educador eslavo St. Clement de Ohrid. . La universidad cuenta con instituciones en Bitola, Ohrid, Prilep, y sede en Bitola. With its additions in education and science, Con su "adition" en ciencia y educación, se ha establecido, y cooperado con la University of St. Cyril and Methodius from Skopje " y otras universidades en los Balcanes Europa. Los siguientes institutos y organizaciones científicas son parte de la universidad:

Technical Faculty in Bitola

• Technical Faculty – Bitola
• Economical Faculty – Prilep
• Faculty of Tourism and Leisure management – Ohrid
• Teachers Faculty – Bitola
• Faculty of biotechnological sciences – Bitola
• Faculty of administration and management of information systems — Bitola
• Medical college – Bitola
• Faculty of Veterinary Sciences – Bitola
• Tobacco institute – Prilep
• Hydro-biological institute – Ohrid
• Slavic cultural institute – Prilep

Gymnasium "Josip Broz-Tito"

There are seven high schools in Bitola:

• "Josip Broz-Tito", a gymnasium
• "Taki Daskalo", a gymnasium
• "Dr. Jovan Kalauzi", a medical high school
• "Jane Sandanski", an economical high school
• "Gjorgji Naumov", a technological high school
• "Kuzman Šapkarev", an agricultural high school
• "Toše Proeski", a musical high school

Ten Primary Schools in Bitola are:

• "Todor Angelevski"
• "Sv. Kliment Ohridski"
• "Goce Delčev"
• "Elpida Karamandi"
• "Dame Gruev"
• "Kiril i MEtodij"
• "Kole Kaninski"
• "Trifun Panovski"
• "Stiv Naumov"
• "Gjorgji Sugarev"

People from Bitola

Hotel Epinal in the centre of Bitola, named after the French city of Épinal, a twin town of Bitola. In return, a quarter in the city of Épinal is called Bitola, and a Macedonian flag is flown there.

Véase también: List of people from Bitola

Some notable people born in Bitola are:

• Ajri Demirovski (Macedonian: Ајри Демировски, Turkish: Hayri Önder) (born 1927 in Bitola (Monastiri), died 2009 in Turkey) was an ethnic Turkish singer.
• Karolina Gočeva, pop singer
• Dimitar Ilievski-Murato, first Macedonian to climb Mount Everest
• Miljan Miljanić, football coach
• Nikolče Noveski, footballer
• Georgi Sugarev, IMRO revolutionary

Twin towns — Sister cities

Véase también: List of twin towns and sister cities in Macedonia

Bitola participates in town twinning to foster good international relations. Its current partners include:

Épinal, France since 1968 Pushkin, Russia since 2005​ Nizhny Novgorod, Russia since 2010 Bursa, Turkey since 1994​ Trelleborg, Sweden since 1981 Kremenchuk, Ukraine since 2006 Rockdale, Australia since 1985 Ningbo, China since 2014​ Kranj, Slovenia since 1965 Rijeka, Croatia since 2009 Herceg Novi, Montenegro since 1976 Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria since 2006 Pleven, Bulgaria since 1999 Stari Grad, Belgrade, Serbia since 2006 Požarevac, Serbia since 1976 Gornji Milanovac, Serbia

Galleria

• 
  Conjunto de viviendas "Pelagonka 2"
• 
  La torre del reloj
• 
  Shirok Sokak
• 
  El bazzar viejo
• 
  El cementerio judío
• 
  Vista desde Krkardaš
• 
  Iglesia de St. Bogorodica
• 
  Museo de Bitola
• 
  Monumento de una ángel por los defensores de Macedonia
• 
  La torre del reloj
• 
  Consulado Ruso en Bitola
• 
  Mosaico de Heraclea Lyncestis
• 
  Monumento de Phillip II de Macedon, fundador de Bitola
• 
  Vista de Bitola de la Montaña de Baba
• 
  Parque Nacional de Pelister
• 
  Río de Dragor
• 
  Rió de Dragor
• 
  Bitola in invierno (Enero 2006)

References

Bibliography

• Basil Gounaris, "From Peasants into Urbanites, from Village into Nation: Ottoman Monastir in the Early Twentieth Century", European History Quarterly 31:1 (2001), pp. 43–63. online copy
• Wikimedia Commons alberga una categoría multimedia sobre TONYchainsaw/Project-Team 2.

• Wikisource en inglés contiene el artículo de la Encyclopædia Britannica de 1911 sobre Manastir.

External links

• Bitola Municipality Official Page
• Bitola Municipality Official Info Page
• Bitola - Gallery
• The Bitola museum
• Tourist Info Center
• Tourist Info Web Portal
• The Story of the Jewish Community in Monastir - an online exhibition by Yad Vashem
• The Story of the Jewish Community in Monastir - an online exhibition by Yad Vashem